基于單片機的照明控制系統設計

目錄
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章  緒論 1
1.1  課題背景與意義 1
1.2  照明控制技術 1
1.3  本論文的主要工作 2
1.4  本章小結 2
第2章  系統組成、原理和功能 3
2.1  系統設計要點 3
2.2  控制系統的組成 3
2.3  系統功能 5
2.4  系統性能指標及技術要求 5
2.5  本章小結 5
第3章  硬件設計 6
3.1  硬件設計及電路原理圖 6
3.1.1 節點控制器硬件電路設計 6
3.1.2 主控制器硬件電路設計 15
3.2  電源板焊接調試總結 24
3.2.1 焊接說明 24
3.3  本章小結 25
第4章  軟件設計 26
4.1  節點控制器軟件設計 26
4.1.1 程序文件及功能說明 26
4.1.2 程序流程框圖 26
4.1.3 Modbus協議 27
4.1.4 CRC校驗 27
4.2  主控制器軟件設計 28
4.2.1 程序文件及功能說明 28
4.2.2 程序流程框圖 29
4.2.3 菜單設置 30
4.3  上位機軟件設計 31
4.3.1 上位機設計軟件VC 6.0 31
4.3.2 上位機軟件 32
4.4  本章小結 33
第5章  系統測試 34
第6章  結論 35
致謝 36
參考文獻 37

摘要
 隨著樓宇智能化的發展與成熟，節能成為一種趨勢，照明控制系統的越來越普及。同時隨著電子技術的飛速發展，微型計算機作為嵌入式控制系統的主體與核心，代替了傳統控制系統的常規電子線路，基于單片機的控制系統已廣泛應用于智能樓宇。
 本文闡述了照明控制方式設計原理及其實現。設計過程中，以實現照明控制為主線，分別設計硬件和軟件，最終完成照明控制的目標。該照明控制系統的主控制器、節點控制器分別是以MSP430單片機與AT89S52單片機為核心，實現了通信、控制與顯示等功能。文中詳細地描述了控制電路的設計過程，包括：RS485通信電路、照明燈控制電路和過零檢測電路等。對于軟件設計主要有上位機、主控制器、節點控制器的通信程序設計以及燈光控制程序設計、CRC校驗程序設計等。
 本照明控制系統的特點：上位機程序通過232通信方式給主控制器發送指令，主控制器通過485通信方式控制多個節點控制器調節光照的亮度；通信中采用Modbus協議，并且為了保證傳輸數據的可靠性，在數據包中加了CRC校驗；用戶也可以在主控制器上設置，對節點控制器進行控制，進而調節光照亮度；用戶可以直接在節點控制器上設置，從而控制光照亮度；用戶可以根據節點控制器中的人體檢測模塊，使系統能做到人在燈亮，人離燈熄；主控制器通過AD采樣，獲取外界光強，根據外界環境，智能地控制光強；系統通過主控制器定時控制白熾燈。以上各種功能相互配合，最終實現真正的照明節能控制。
 已完成的設計中，各控制器間的通信良好；主控制器可以控制單個或全部節點控制器上白熾燈的亮度；上位機可以通過主控制器控制節點控制器；節點控制器能夠自動做到人在燈亮，人離燈熄。但還存在一些不足的地方：主控制器在采樣外界光強時，程序會出錯；節點控制器上電容易死機。
 
關鍵詞： 485 通信；Modbus；CRC校驗；照明控制

ABSTRACT
Saving energy is becoming a trend with the development of intelligent buildings, and the light controlling system is becoming more and more popular. At the same time, the micro-computer control system as the main and core of control system with the development of electronics , it replaces the traditional electronic circuit , and the control system which based on micro-computer  had used in the field of  intelligent buildings.
This Thesis Describes the design’s principle of the light controlling Method and also describes how the control system runs . In the process of designing , the complying controlling light as the main line , designed the Hardware and the software separately , and finish the goal of controlling light finally . The main controller and slave controller of the control system makes the MSP430 micro-computer and AT89S52 micro-computer as cores . The system can do many jobs, such as communication, controlling and display. The paper describes the designing process of the circuit at length, including: RS485 communication circuit, control circuit of lighting, watchdog circuit, etc. The designing of software mainly includes the several programming, such as PC communication, lamplight controlling, CRC checking.
The functions of the system is: PC program sends commands by 232 communication ,and the host controller controls the brightness of many lights; The control system uses Modbus agreement and adds CRC checking in order to snsuring the accuracy of information ; Users can set commands in the main controller and control the slave controller; Users also can set commands in the slave controller and control the brightness of the light directly. The control system can open the light when there is someone near the light and can close the light when there is nobody near the light automatically by human body detecting module ; The main controller can catch the information of environment outside by AD sampling and controlling the brightness of the light .Based on the function above Mentioned ,the control system can save energy when controlling the brightness of the light .
In the part of finishing project , the Communicating among all kinds of controllers is favorable ; The main controller can control single or all node controllers ; PC can control node controllers through the main controller ; The node controller can open the light when there is someone near the light and can close the light when there is nobody near the light automatically . But the control system also has some deficiency : such as the Program will make mistake when catch the Information about Light intensity of Environment ;The node controller makes mistake easily when given power.

 Keywords:  RS485 communication; Modbus; CRC checking; Control light