基于單片機(jī)的溫度檢測系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

電氣自動化論文編號:ZD1124    論文字?jǐn)?shù):18196,頁數(shù):61

目  錄

第一章  緒論 5
1.1  引言 5
1.2 設(shè)計(jì)目的 6
1.3  功能介紹 6
1.4設(shè)備選擇 7
1.4.1  單片機(jī)的選擇 7
1.4.2  溫度傳感器的選擇 7
1.4.3  顯示器的選擇 8
第二章  ATmega 16芯片 9
2.1 ATmega 16的主要特性 9
2.2 ATmega 16的引腳功能 12
    2.3 ATmega16 的存儲器 13
2.3.1 可編程的Flash程序儲存器 13
2.3.2 SRAM 數(shù)據(jù)儲存器 13
2.3.3 數(shù)據(jù)存儲器 14
第三章  溫度傳感器 15
    3.1  DS18B20簡介 15
    3.2 DS18B20的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 15
3.2.1 DS18B20的引腳 16
3.2.2 只讀存儲器 16
3.2.3 DS18B20溫度傳感器的存儲器 17
    3.3 注意事項(xiàng) 18
第四章  硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) 19
    4.1  整體結(jié)構(gòu) 19
    4.2  單片機(jī)ATmega16芯片 20
    4.3  溫度采集模塊 20
4.3.1 DS18B20的溫度計(jì)算 21
4.3.2 DS18B20的工作過程 21
4.3.3 DS18B20的時(shí)序 22
4.3.4 多點(diǎn)溫度采集的實(shí)現(xiàn) 23
    4.4 LCD顯示模塊 24
4.4.1 1602的引腳 24
4.4.2 字符顯示 25
4.5 按鍵模塊 27
4.6 報(bào)警模塊 28
第五章  軟件設(shè)計(jì) 29
5.1  溫度采集系統(tǒng)的主程序流程圖 29
5.2  各模塊的程序流程圖 31
5.2.1  溫度采集模塊流程圖 31
5.2.2.  液晶顯示模塊流程圖 33
5.2.3.  按鍵模塊流程圖 34
第六章  系統(tǒng)仿真與調(diào)試 37
6.1  PROTEUS軟件簡介 37
6.2 PROTEUS仿真 37
6.2.1  PROTEUS 啟動 38
6.2.2  PROTEUS 調(diào)試 39
結(jié)  論 43
參考文獻(xiàn) 44
致  謝 46
附錄 47

摘   要
 單片機(jī)也被稱為微控制器，是因?yàn)樗�最早被用在工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域。單片機(jī)由芯片內(nèi)僅有CPU的專用處理器發(fā)展而來。最早的設(shè)計(jì)理念是通過將大量外圍設(shè)備和CPU集成在一個芯片中，使計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)更小，更容易嵌進(jìn)復(fù)雜的而對體積要求嚴(yán)格的控制設(shè)備當(dāng)中。INTEL的Z80是最早按照這種思想設(shè)計(jì)出的處理器，從此以后，單片機(jī)和專用處理器的發(fā)展便分道揚(yáng)鑣。單片機(jī)是靠程序運(yùn)行的，并且可以修改。通過不同的程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)不同的功能，尤其是特殊的獨(dú)特的一些功能，這是別的器件需要費(fèi)很大力氣才能做到的，有些則是花大力氣也很難做到的。單片機(jī)這種計(jì)算機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)只用了一片集成電路，即可進(jìn)行簡單運(yùn)算和控制。它體積小，但在整個裝置中起著決定性的作用，它已經(jīng)被利用到了生活的各個部分。
 本設(shè)計(jì)通過ATmega16單片機(jī)來呈現(xiàn)一個溫度采集顯示系統(tǒng)，采用C語言進(jìn)行編程，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)以下一些功能：實(shí)時(shí)溫度顯示，設(shè)定上下限報(bào)警。本次設(shè)計(jì)的溫度采集顯示系統(tǒng)由溫度采集電路，LCD顯示電路，報(bào)警電路，按鍵調(diào)整電路四部分組成。AVR單片機(jī)通過軟件編程，利用溫度傳感器DS18B20來實(shí)現(xiàn)溫度采集轉(zhuǎn)換的功能；通過四個按鍵，實(shí)現(xiàn)參數(shù)設(shè)置和調(diào)節(jié)功能；在LCD1602液晶屏上實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)溫度顯示；當(dāng)實(shí)時(shí)溫度超過上下限的時(shí)候，由蜂鳴器發(fā)聲，報(bào)警。本次設(shè)計(jì)的溫度采集顯示系統(tǒng)，所采用的溫度傳感器精度為0.5℃，所以適用于很多場合。
 本文詳細(xì)介紹了ATmega16單片機(jī)的基本原理，分析了ATmega16各個管腳的功能及它在設(shè)計(jì)電路中的作用。同時(shí)論述了LCD1602液晶屏和溫度傳感器DS18B20的工作原理及其軟件設(shè)計(jì)過程。
 最后，本研究還使用PROTEUS軟件對本系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了仿真調(diào)試，以測試系統(tǒng)的可行性。
關(guān)鍵詞：單片機(jī) 溫度顯示 報(bào)警 DS18B20  Proteus

Abstract
 SCM, known as micro-controller, was first to be used in the industrial control area and developed from a dedicated processor with only a CUP inside the chip. At the beginning, it was designed to make the computer system smaller and easier to match those complex control devices, which has more strict volume standards, by integrating enormous peripherals and CPUs into a single chip. INTEL's Z80 was the first processor designed in accordance with this idea, after when SCM and dedicated processors parted their ways of development. SCM is run by software program and can be modified. Through different software program, it could provide different functions, which is hard for other devices. SCM, as the smallest computer system, can do simple calculation and control operation using only one IC (Integrated Circuit). Small as it is, SCM plays a decisive role in the whole device, and now it has been used in all aspects of our life.
 This research uses ATmega16-SCM to present a temperature acquisition and display system. It is C language programmed and can achieve the following functions: real-time temperature displays, set limits of temperature alarm and so on. This design consists of four components as below: temperature acquisition circuits, LCD display circuits, alarm circuits and button-control adjustment circuits. The AVR-SCM uses the temperature sensor DS18B20 to achieve the temperature acquisition function; uses four buttons to set the parameters and adjust itself; shows the real-time temperature on the LCD1602 screen; when the temperature meets the upper or lower limits, the buzzer and alert will ring. The temperature sensor for this design has a degree of accuracy of 0.0625℃, so it’ll apply to many circumstances.
 This research describes the basic principles of ATmega16-SCM and analyzes the function of every pin in detail. At the meantime, it gives a clear look on how LCD1602 screen and the temperature sensor DS18B20 work and the process of design.
 Finally, the researcher tested and debugged this simulated system with PROTEUS, so as to ensure its feasibility.

Keywords: SCM, Temperature, Alert, DS18B20, Proteus