基于單片機的溫度采集顯示

電氣自動化論文編號:ZD1128    論文字數:18257,頁數:58

目  錄
摘   要 II
Abstract III
目  錄 V
第一章  緒論 1
1.1  引言 1
1.2 系統任務 1
1.3  系統芯片的選擇 2
1.3.1  單片機的選擇 2
1.3.2  溫度傳感器的選擇 3
1.3.3  顯示器的選擇 4
1.2  系統性能 4
第二章  AT89C51簡介 5
2.1  AT89C51的主要特征 5
2.2  AT89C51的管腳 6
2.3  AT89C51的振蕩器特性 8
2.4  AT89C51的芯片擦除功能 8
第三章  溫度傳感器 9
3.1  DS18B20基本知識 9
3.2  DS18B20產品的特點 9
3.3  DS18B20的內部結構 10
3.4  DS18B20的封裝及引腳介紹 10
3.5  DS18B20的溫度計算 11
3.5.1  DS18B20的9位存儲方式 11
3.5.2  DS18B20的12位存儲方式 11
3.6  DS18B20的工作過程及時序 11
3.6.1 初始化 12
3.6.2 ROM操作品令 12
3.6.3存儲器操作指令 12
3.6.4  時序 13
第四章  硬件電路設計 15
4.1  單片機溫度采集系統的結構 15
4.1.1  單片機最小系統 15
4.1.2  溫度采集模塊 16
4.1.3  LCD液晶顯示電路 16
4.1.4  按鍵設置 16
4.1.5 報警電路 16
4.2  硬件電路總體設計 17
4.3 溫度采集模塊 18
4.3.1  溫度傳感器特點 18
4.3.2  DS18B20使用注意事項 18
4.3.3  溫度測量領域和優點 19
4.3.4  多路溫度采集顯示的實現 19
4.4 LCD顯示模塊 20
4.4.1  LCD1602簡介 20
4.4.2  LCD1602技術參數 21
4.4.3  字符的顯示 22
4.4 報警電路 24
4.5 按鍵設置 25
第五章  軟件設計 26
5.1  溫度采集系統的主程序流程圖 26
5.2  各模塊的程序流程圖 28
5.2.1  溫度采集模塊流程圖 28
5.2.2.  液晶顯示模塊流程圖 29
5.2.3.  按鍵模塊流程圖 29
第六章  系統仿真與調試 30
6.1  PROTEUS軟件簡介 30
6.2 PROTEUS的工作過程 30
6.2.1  PROTEUS工作界面 31
6.2.2  PROTEUS的調試 32
6.2.3 PROTEUS調試結果 33
結  論 34
參考文獻 35
致  謝 37
附錄1 38
附錄2 41

摘   要
 單片機是指一個集成在一塊芯片上的完整計算機系統。盡管他的大部分功能集成在一塊小芯片上，但是它具有一個完整計算機所需要的大部分部件：CPU、內存、內部和外部總線系統，目前大部分還會具有外存。同時集成諸如通訊接口、定時器，實時時鐘等外圍設備。而現在最強大的單片機系統甚至可以將聲音、圖像、網絡、復雜的輸入輸出系統集成在一塊芯片上。自20世紀70年代問世以來，以其極高的性能價格比，受到人們的重視和關注。它體積小、重量輕、抗干擾能力強、環境要求不高、價格低廉、可靠性高、靈活性好、開發較為容易，廣泛應用于智能生產和工業自動化上。     本課題通過MCS-51單片機來設計一個溫度采集顯示系統，采用匯編語言進行編程，可以實現以下一些功能：實時溫度以及現場時間的顯示，定時報警功能。本次設計的溫度采集顯示系統由溫度采集電路，LCD顯示電路，定時報警電路，按鍵調整電路四部分組成。51單片機通過軟件編程，在LCD1602液晶屏上實現XXX℃的顯示；利用溫度傳感器DS18B20來實現溫度采集轉換的功能；通過兩個按鍵開關，一個用于預設溫度的調節，兩個用于溫度上下限的調節，來實現參數設置和調節功能；當現場溫度超過上下限的時候，由蜂鳴器發聲，起報警作用。本次設計的溫度采集顯示系統，所采用的溫度傳感器精度可達0.0625℃，所以適用于很多場合。本文詳細介紹了AT89C51單片機的基本原理，分析了AT89C51各個管腳的功能及它在設計電路中的作用。同時論述了LCD1602液晶屏和溫度傳感器DS18B20的工作原理及其軟件設計過程。
 最后，我們還使用PROTEUS軟件對本系統進行了仿真調試，以測量系統的可靠性。關鍵詞：單片機 溫度采集 DS18B20 PROTEUS 報警

Abstract
 Single-chip micro-computer is an integrated on a single chip a complete computer system. Even though most of his features in a small chip, but it has a need to complete the majority of computer components: CPU, memory, internal and external bus system, most will have the Core. At the same time, such as integrated communication interfaces, timers, real-time clock and other peripheral equipment. And now the most powerful single-chip microcomputer system can even integrate voice, image, networking, input and output complex system into a single chip. It has been published since the 70's of 20th century and has high performance, so it attracts lots of people’s attention. Its volume is small，the weight is light，the capacity of resisting disturbance is strong，the environmental challenge is not high，the price is not expensive and the development is easy, for that, it is widely used in the intelligent production and the industrial automation.     This topic designs a temperature acquisition system through the MCS-51 single-chip microcomputer and the assembly language is adopted in this design. The electronic clock can achieve these functions: real-time and on-site time temperature display, time alarm functions. The design shows the temperature acquisition system by the temperature acquisition circuit, LCD display circuit, timing alarm circuit, four-button adjustment of circuit components. 51 single-chip software programming, in the realization of the LCD1602 display XXX ℃; the use of temperature sensor DS18B20 to achieve the function of conversion temperature acquisition; through two button switches, one for the pre-set temperature regulation。The two upper and lower limits for temperature regulation, to achieve the parameter setting and regulatory function; when the temperature exceeds the upper and lower limits at the scene of the time, the buzzer sends out the sound which can react the effect of alarm. The design shows the temperature acquisition system, the precision temperature sensors up to 0.0625 ℃, so for a number of occasions. This paper introduces in detail the basic principles of SCM AT89C51, AT89C51 analyzed the function of each pin and its role in the design of the circuit. This article also discourses the working principles of the LCD1602 and Temperature Sensor DS18B20, we can understand their software design procedure from this passage.
 Finally, we also use the PROTEUS software to simulate the system to measure the reliability of the system.
Key words：single-chip Microcomputer；Temperature Acquisition；DS18B20；
 PROTEUS; Alarm