基于CAN總線技術(shù)的溫室環(huán)境監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

電氣自動(dòng)化論文編號(hào):ZD1134    論文字?jǐn)?shù):29760,頁(yè)數(shù):57 
目   錄
摘   要 i
Abstract ii
目   錄 iv
第一章  緒論 1
1.1  設(shè)計(jì)背景 1
1.2  國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.3  溫室測(cè)控裝置的類(lèi)型和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 3
1.3.1  目前采用的控制裝置 3
1.3.2  控制裝置的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 5
1.4   現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線CAN技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介 6
1.4.1  現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線CAN的引入 6
1.4.2  CAN技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介 6
1.5  設(shè)計(jì)的目的與內(nèi)容 7
1.6  本章小結(jié) 7
第二章 溫室環(huán)境監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計(jì)方案 9
2.1  溫室環(huán)境各因子的分析 9
2.1.1  光照強(qiáng)度因子 9
2.1.2  濕度因子 10
2.1.3  溫度因子 10
2.1.4  二氧化碳因子 11
2.2  溫室環(huán)境各因子的控制方式 12
2.2.1  光照因子控制 12
2.2.2  濕度控制 12
2.2.3  溫度控制 13
2.2.4  二氧化碳濃度的控制 14
2.3 溫室環(huán)境控制系統(tǒng)整體設(shè)計(jì) 14
2.3.1  工作過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)述 14
2.3.2 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) 15
2.3.3  現(xiàn)場(chǎng)智能測(cè)控節(jié)點(diǎn)整體電路的設(shè)計(jì) 17
2.4 本章小結(jié) 18
第三章  溫室環(huán)境監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) 19
3.1  傳感器的選型與應(yīng)用 19
3.1.1  光照強(qiáng)度傳感器 19
3.1.2  濕度傳感器 21
3.1.3  溫度傳感器 23
3.1.4  二氧化碳濃度傳感器 25
3.2  單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 27
3.3  CAN接口設(shè)計(jì) 29
3.4  系統(tǒng)其它主要功能設(shè)計(jì) 30
3.5  輸出電路設(shè)計(jì) 31
3.6  系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 32
3.7  本章小結(jié) 33
第四章  控制算法設(shè)計(jì) 34
4.1  PID控制算法設(shè)計(jì) 34
4.1.1   模擬PID控制器 34
4.1.2   數(shù)字PID控制器 35
4.1.3   增量式PID控制算法 36
4.2  本章小結(jié) 38
第五章  監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)驅(qū)動(dòng)和執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 39
5.1   控制光照?qǐng)?zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 39
5.1.1 遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng) 39
5.1.2  照明補(bǔ)光裝置 39
5.2   溫度控制執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 40
5.2.1  暖風(fēng)機(jī)加溫 40
5.2.2  濕簾風(fēng)機(jī)降溫 40
5.3   濕度控制執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 40
5.4  二氧化碳濃度控制執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 40
5.4.1  側(cè)窗/天窗開(kāi)閉裝置設(shè)計(jì) 40
5.4.2   二氧化碳的增施 41
5.5  繼電器輸出與驅(qū)動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) 42
5.6  本章小結(jié) 42
第六章 總結(jié)和展望 43
6.1結(jié)論 43
6.2不足與展望 43
參考文獻(xiàn) 45
致   謝 47
附錄 48

摘   要
 溫室是用來(lái)栽培植物的重要設(shè)施組成部分，國(guó)內(nèi)外溫室種植業(yè)的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，提高溫室的自動(dòng)控制和管理水平可充分發(fā)揮溫室農(nóng)業(yè)的高效性。隨著傳感技術(shù)，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)及通訊技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代化溫室信息自動(dòng)采集及智能控制系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)已成為目前設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的一個(gè)研究熱點(diǎn)。
 本文在查閱大量國(guó)內(nèi)外參考文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，概述了溫室在國(guó)內(nèi)外的發(fā)展歷史以及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)外溫室測(cè)控裝置的發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)和發(fā)展方向，并且根據(jù)溫室內(nèi)影響作物生長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境因子，即溫度、濕度、光照和二氧化碳等環(huán)境的條件、控制特點(diǎn)和控制方法，提出了適合本系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境因子控制方案。
 在基于CAN總線技術(shù)上，本文設(shè)計(jì)了溫度、濕度、光照強(qiáng)度和二氧化碳濃度等因子的控制系統(tǒng)。傳感器檢測(cè)出來(lái)的信號(hào)傳輸給單片機(jī)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理，通過(guò)CAN總線實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)環(huán)境因子的測(cè)量與控制。溫室環(huán)境對(duì)實(shí)時(shí)響應(yīng)和實(shí)時(shí)處理能力都有較高的要求。基于這一特點(diǎn)，從低成本角度出發(fā)，提出了基于植物生理信息數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的CAN控制器溫室環(huán)境監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，并就其軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)做了比較詳細(xì)的分析，本文重點(diǎn)介紹了溫室環(huán)境監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的硬件。論述了在溫室環(huán)境各參數(shù)調(diào)控中，系統(tǒng)具有性能穩(wěn)定、價(jià)格適中的特點(diǎn)；指出了其應(yīng)用前景。
 在電器硬件方面以及執(zhí)行機(jī)械機(jī)構(gòu)上采用簡(jiǎn)單可靠地構(gòu)件。介紹了各部分的設(shè)計(jì)思想、原理電路以及抗干擾方法，并且給出了系統(tǒng)總硬件原理圖；另外，在滿足系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)要求的前提下，盡可能選用價(jià)格低、功耗低的元器件，達(dá)到降低系統(tǒng)成本的目的。
 最后，對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，介紹了本文完成的主要工作，說(shuō)明了本文的特點(diǎn)和意義，同時(shí)，指出了系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的不足和改進(jìn)思路，為今后課題的進(jìn)一步研究打下了基礎(chǔ)。
 
 關(guān)鍵詞：溫室環(huán)境  監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)  傳感器  CAN總線  
 
Abstract
 The greenhouse is uses for the cultivated plant the critical facility constituent, the domestic and foreign greenhouse crop production's experience indicated that enhances the greenhouse the automatic control and the management level may display the greenhouse agriculture fully highly effective. Along with the sensing technology, the computer technology and mechanics of communication's rapid development, modernized greenhouse information automatic gathering and the intelligent control system's development has become the present facility agriculture a research hot spot.
 This article in the consult massive domestic and foreign reference's foundation, has outlined the greenhouse in the domestic and foreign historical development as well as the development present situation. Introduced the domestic and foreign greenhouse observation installment development tendency and the development direction, and affects the environment factor which according to the greenhouse in the crops grow, namely environment and so on temperature, humidity, illumination and carbon dioxide conditions, the control characteristic and the control method, proposed suits this system's environment factor control plan.
 In based on the CAN bussing technique, this article has designed factor and so on temperature, humidity, strength of illumination and carbon dioxide density control systems. The sensor examines the signaling carries on the data processing to the monolithic integrated circuit, realizes through the CAN main line to the environment factor survey and the control. The greenhouse environment has the high request to the real-time response and real-time processing ability. Based on this characteristic, from low cost angle embarking, proposed based on the plant physiology information database's CAN controller greenhouse environment supervisory system, and made the quite detailed analysis on its software and hardware design, this article introduced the greenhouse environment supervisory system's hardware with emphasis. Elaborated in the greenhouse environment various parameters regulation, the system has the stable property, the moderate cost the characteristic; Has pointed out its application prospect.
 Uses simply reliably the component on the electric appliance hardware aspect as well as the execution mechanical organization. Introduced various part of design concept, the schematic circuit as well as the antijamming method, and has given the system total hardware schematic diagram; Moreover, in satisfies the system design request under the premise, selects the price to be low as far as possible, the power loss low primary device, achieves reduces the system cost the goal.
 Finally, to designed has carried on the summary, introduced this article completed the prime task, showed this article characteristic and the significance, simultaneously, had pointed out system design's insufficiency and the improvement mentality, have built the foundation for the next topic's further research.
 
KEY WORDS: Greenhouse environment, supervisory and control system, sensor, CAN bus