基于單片機(jī)直流伺服電機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計

電氣自動化論文編號:ZD1136    論文字?jǐn)?shù):14115,頁數(shù):35

目  錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iii
第一章     緒論 1
1.1  研究動機(jī)與目的 1
1.2  研究背景 1
1.3  研究方法與系統(tǒng)描述 3
   1.3.1  研究方法 3
1.3.2  系統(tǒng)描述 4
1.4  論文內(nèi)容概述 4
第二章     系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計 5
2.1  系統(tǒng)總體方案 5
2.2   系統(tǒng)選型 6
2.2.1  單片機(jī)選型 6
2.2.2  直流電機(jī)選型 7
2.2.3  伺服驅(qū)動器選型 8
2.2.4  光電編碼器選型 9
2.2.5  顯示驅(qū)動芯片選型 10
第三章     硬件電路設(shè)計 11
3.1   矩陣鍵盤輸入電路 11
3.2   電源電路 12
3.3   顯示驅(qū)動電路 12
3.4   顯示電路 13
3.4.1  LED介紹 13
3.4.2  顯示方式選擇 14
  3.5   測量電路設(shè)計 14
3.5.1  光電編碼器 14
3.5.2  整形變相電路 15
 3.6   復(fù)位和時鐘電路 16
3.7   PWM控制電路 17
3.8   PC機(jī)串行接口電路 18
第四章     系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 19
     4.1   系統(tǒng)主程序 19
 4.2   延時子程序 20
 4.3   鍵盤掃描子程序 21
 4.4   按鍵查詢子程序 22
 4.5   電機(jī)運行子程序 24
 4.6   PWM控制程序 24
 4.7   鍵盤設(shè)置參數(shù)子程序 25
 4.8   轉(zhuǎn)速測量子程序 26
 4.9   16位二進(jìn)制向4位BCD碼轉(zhuǎn)換子程序 27
結(jié)論 29
參考文獻(xiàn) 30
致謝 31
附錄A        部分程序代碼
 電路原理圖
 電路PCB板

摘     要
    當(dāng)今,自動化控制系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在各行各業(yè)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展，而直流驅(qū)動控制作為電氣傳動的主流在現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)中起著主要作用。直流電動機(jī)具有良好的起動、制動性能, 宜于在大范圍內(nèi)平滑調(diào)速, 在許多需要調(diào)速或快速正反向的電力拖動領(lǐng)域中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。
 本文設(shè)計的是一套基于PIC單片機(jī)控制直流伺服電機(jī)的系統(tǒng)。論文根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的要求完成了整體方案設(shè)計和系統(tǒng)選型，針對所設(shè)計的控制方案對控制系統(tǒng)的軟、硬件設(shè)計作了詳細(xì)論述。硬件部分先作了整體設(shè)計，然后介紹了以PIC16F877A單片機(jī)為核心的硬件構(gòu)成，對鍵盤電路、串行通信電路、測量電路和顯示電路等作了詳細(xì)闡述；軟件部分采用模塊化設(shè)計思想，編制了各個模塊的流程圖，實現(xiàn)了對直流電動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動參數(shù)的設(shè)置、下載、啟動、停止、加速、減速和顯示等功能。利用PIC系列芯片進(jìn)行低成本直流電動機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計，能夠簡化系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成、降低系統(tǒng)成本、增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)性能、滿足更多應(yīng)用場合的需要。
 針對直流電機(jī)運行環(huán)境惡劣、干擾嚴(yán)重的特點，從系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計、軟件設(shè)計等多方面進(jìn)行抗干擾的綜合考慮，并利用多種軟件和硬件技術(shù)來提高和改善系統(tǒng)的抗干擾能力，有效地提高了系統(tǒng)的可靠性和實用性。
 
關(guān)鍵詞：直流伺服電機(jī)  單片機(jī)  多級調(diào)速系統(tǒng)

Abstract
 Today, the automated control system have been widely used and developed in all walks of life, and the direct current(DC) driven control plays a major role in the modern production as the mainstream of electrical transmission. DC Motors has a good start, the brake performance, the desirability of smoothing the governor, it has been widely used in many pros and cons of the need to speed quickly or drag in the field of electricity.
 This graduation dissertation design a system which controls the DC motor based on PIC. The graduation dissertation complete the overall design and selection system according to the requirements of this system, and discusses the control system＇s software design and hardware design in detail against this control system. First, this graduation dissertation have the overall design for the part of hardware, then on to PIC16F877A microcontroller as the core of the hardware, and have a describe in detail for the keyboard circuit, serial communication circuits, measuring circuit and display circuit, and so on; the part of software is modular in design thinking, prepared a flow chart of the various modules, and procure the DC motor rotation parameters set up, download, start, stop, speed up, slow down and display capabilities. Apply the PIC chip for DC motor control system designed to simplify the system composition; it can lower system cost and enhancing system performance, to meet the needs of more applications
  In connection with DC motor characteristics which a poor environment and serious interference, to consider a comprehensive anti-jamming from the hardware design, software design, and enhance and improve the ability of anti-jamming system that use a variety of software and hardware technology, that has effectively improved the system's reliability and practicality

Keywords：DC servo motor; MicroController Unit; Multi-Speed Control System