300W倍頻SPWM逆變器的研究

電氣工程論文編號(hào):DQ009    論文字?jǐn)?shù):14937,頁數(shù):39

目錄
摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ
 1 前言 1
  1.1  現(xiàn)代逆變技術(shù)的發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀 1
  1.1.1現(xiàn)代逆變技術(shù)的概念 1
  1.1.2現(xiàn)代逆變技術(shù)的發(fā)展過程 1
  1.1.3現(xiàn)代逆變技術(shù)的分類 2
  1.2  選題的原因和設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 2
  1.2.1 SPWM的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 2
  1.2.2本文研究的主要內(nèi)容 3
 2 SPWM逆變的原理 4
   2.1  單相正弦波全橋逆變器的主電路拓?fù)?nbsp;4
   2.2  開關(guān)管的驅(qū)動(dòng)信號(hào) 4
   2.3  SPWM的兩種常用的控制方法 5
   2.4  兩種波形形式 6
  
3一種SPWM電路的介紹 7
  3.1總體設(shè)計(jì)方案 7
  3.1.1 硬件設(shè)計(jì)原理圖 7
  3.1.2 系統(tǒng)功能介紹 7
  3.2  SPWM正弦信號(hào)發(fā)生器SA8282 8
  3.2.1 SA8282引腳和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 10
  3.2.2結(jié)構(gòu)原理 10
  3.3  單片機(jī)8051 11
  3.3.1單片機(jī)AT89C51性能 11
  3.3.2主要特性 12
  3.3.3管腳說明 13
  3.3.4振蕩器特性 14
  3.3.5芯片擦除 14
  3.4 UNL2004驅(qū)動(dòng)器 14
  3.4.1芯片ULN2004性能 14
  3.4.2ULN2004 特性 15
  3.5  光電隔離器 16
  3.6   IR2110 22
  3.6.1 IR2110簡介 22
  3.6.2 IR2110內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和特點(diǎn) 23
  3.6.3高壓側(cè)懸浮驅(qū)動(dòng)的自舉原理 24
  3.7  LED的顯示 25

4  單極倍頻SPWM軟開關(guān)DC/AC變換器主電路 30
  4.1 倍頻SPWM的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 30
  4.2軟開關(guān)的作用 30
4.3主電路結(jié)構(gòu) 30
  4.4軟開關(guān)的實(shí)現(xiàn)原理 31
4.5電路特性討論 33
4.6實(shí)驗(yàn)波形及結(jié)語 34
 5設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié) 37
 致謝 38
 參考文獻(xiàn) 39

摘要
 逆變器是把直流電能（電池、蓄電瓶）轉(zhuǎn)變成交流電（一般為220v50HZ正弦或方波）。應(yīng)急電源，一般是把直流電瓶逆變成220V交流的。主要分兩類，一類是正弦波逆變器，另一類是方波逆變器。正弦波逆變器輸出的是同我們?nèi)粘Ｊ褂玫碾娋W(wǎng)一樣甚至更好的正弦波交流電，因?yàn)樗�不存在電網(wǎng)中的電磁污染。方波逆變器輸出的則是質(zhì)量較差的方波交流電，其正向最大值到負(fù)向最大值幾乎在同時(shí)產(chǎn)生，這樣，對負(fù)載和逆變器本身造成劇烈的不穩(wěn)定影響。同時(shí)，其負(fù)載能力差，僅為額定負(fù)載的40－60％，不能帶感性負(fù)載。如所帶的負(fù)載過大，方波電流中包含的三次諧波成分將使流入負(fù)載中的容性電流增大，嚴(yán)重時(shí)會(huì)損壞負(fù)載的電源濾波電容。
 SPWM逆變器作為逆變器的一種，可輸出諧波含量小的正弦波形。隨著數(shù)字化控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展，SPWM脈沖波的生成和逆變器的全數(shù)字化控制趨于方便，并可使逆變器的輸出波形的穩(wěn)態(tài)精度、暫穩(wěn)態(tài)響應(yīng)、可靠性等得到進(jìn)一步提高。此外，逆變器諸性能的改善還基于對波形的閉環(huán)反饋控制，已見應(yīng)用于此領(lǐng)域的純數(shù)字控制技術(shù)有重復(fù)控制、數(shù)字PID控制、滑模控制、單周控制等。
   本課題希望通過研究該項(xiàng)目的原理功能，并結(jié)合逆變器的特點(diǎn)和針對普通SPWM正弦波逆變電路存在的高頻損耗大的問題，研究倍頻式及軟開關(guān)技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)正弦波逆變器的技術(shù)方案和實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。通過仿真和電路實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)一種300W正弦波逆變器并分析其效益及成本。
關(guān)鍵字：逆變器；  正弦波；  方波；  倍頻式 
Abstract
 
 DC inverter is the energy (battery, has battery) into alternating current (typically 220v50HZ sine or square wave).Emergency power supply, the general is to reverse into a 220V DC bottle exchange.Two main categories, one category is sine wave inverter, the other is square wave inverter.Sine wave inverter is the power we use every day with the same or even better sine wave AC power, because it does not exist in electromagnetic pollution grid.Square wave inverter output is low-quality square wave AC, the positive maximum to negative maximum value almost at the same time to produce, so that the load and the inverter itself, resulting in severe uncertainty.At the same time, its load capacity is poor, only 40-60% of rated load, not with inductive load.If the load carried by too large, square-wave current component included in the third harmonic will flow in the capacitive load current increases, and in severe damage to the load of the power supply filter capacitor.
 As one of inventers, SPWM inventers can achieve low total harmonic distortion (THD) output wave. With the development of digital control techniques, the production of SPWM and digital control of inventers become convenient, which makes the output wave’s steady-state precision, transient and steady state response, reliability improved.
    Hope this issue of the project's technology, combined with the characteristics and inverter SPWM sine wave inverter circuit for the existence of ordinary high-frequency loss big problem, of harmonic type and soft-switch technology sine wave invertertechnical solutions and implementation methods.The simulation and circuit experiment to achieve a 300W sine wave inverter and to analyze its effectiveness and cost. 
Keywords：Inverter Sine wave Square Wave Frequency