基于虛擬儀器的微位移測量系統的研制

測控論文編號:CK056   論文字數:11516,頁數:24

目 錄

1  緒論 2
1.1研制虛擬儀器的意義 2
1.2虛擬儀器的研究現狀 3
1.3課題來源及主要研究工作 3
2  微位移測量系統的電路設計與分析 4
2.1總體方案設計 4
2.1.1設計原理和原理框圖 4
2.1.2電感傳感器工作原理 5
2.2前置處理電路的設計與分析 6
2.2.1  激勵電源的設計與分析 6
2.2.2電阻—電感測量電橋的構成與分析 7
2.2.3震蕩器的設計與分析 8
2.2.4相敏檢波電路的設計與分析 8
2.2.5帶通濾波電路的設計與分析 9
2.3  A/D轉換電路的設計與數據采集 11
2.3.1  A/D轉換 11
2.3.2 數據的傳輸與采集 13
2.4減少誤差的設計和分析 14
2.4.1系統的抗干擾設計 14
2.4.2.隨機誤差的消除 15
2.4.3.系統誤差的處理 15
2.5元器件選擇，電路圖 16
2.5.1.元器件的選擇 16
2.5.2電路圖 16
2.6  虛擬微位移測量系統的軟件設計 17
2.7本章小結 18
3  總結 19
致謝 20

摘  要
 
 虛擬儀器是二十世紀八十年代中期出現的一種新型的儀器模式。它以計算機硬件為平臺，由傳感器、模塊化硬件接口卡以及測量軟件庫構成虛實并存的測量系統，是儀器智能化、集成化、遠程化以及測控一體化設計的典型范例。目前，用于電量測量的虛擬儀器已極為普遍，然而，用于非電量測量的虛擬儀器相對較少，特別是在幾何量測量領域，其虛擬儀器則幾乎沒有見到。為此，我們對位移量測量儀器的虛擬化進行了研究，并制作了一套虛擬電感測微儀。
 本論文首先闡述了課題的目的和意義，分析了國內外對虛擬儀器的研究狀況。然后，對差動電感傳感器的工作原理做了詳細的分析，并在此基礎上設計了用于虛擬電感測微儀的信號處理板、A/D卡以及測量軟件。
 實驗結果表明：在200m、150m、100m、50m范圍內，儀器的絕對線性度誤差分別為0.62m、0.30m、0.28m和0.16m，相對線性度誤差分別為1.6‰、0.9‰、1.5‰和1.6‰。儀器的示值分散度為0.16m，標準偏差為0.09m。本儀器已基本達到設計要求，具有較大的測量范圍和高分辨率以及很好的精密度，具備實用及推廣價值。
關鍵詞：虛擬儀器  位移測量  電感式傳感器

Abstract
    Virtual Instrument (VI) was put forward as a novel instrument mode in the middle of the 1980s. It is a virtual-real measuring system based on PC computer and composed of sensors, modularized hardware interface cards and measurement software packages. It is a typical model for instrument design with intellectualizing, integrating, long-distance, and measurement & control as a whole. At present, VI for electrical measurement has been widely used. However, those for non-electric measurement are rarely reported, especially for geometrical measurement covering extensive fields and many sorts of sensors.To solve the problem, we reasearched virtual technology of geometrical measurement and developed an Inductive Micro-Displacement Instrument (IMDI) based on virtual technology.
     First,the purpose and significance of the project are introduced in this dissertation, and the status of the art in virtual measurement at home and abroad is also described. Subsequently, the working principle of inductive sensor and the design of the signal process card of the IMDI are discussed. The dissertation also provides the detailed design schemes of pre-processing circuit and A/D sampling card based on ISA bus of the virtual IMDI.
 The result shows that, in the range of 200m、150m、100m and 50m, the absolute linearities of the instrument are 0.62m、0.30m、0.28m and 0.16m respectively and the relative linearities are 1.6‰、0.9‰、1.5‰和1.6‰ respectively.The dispersion of the instrument is 0.16m and the standard deviation is 0.09m.The virtual system has achieved design requirement, it has large measurement range, high resolution, good precision, and is worth to extend.

Keywords：Virtual Instrument (VI), Displacement measurement, Inductance    sensor