新戊二醇制取催化劑的研究

材料科學論文編號:CL098  論文字數:9078,頁數:25

目  錄

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
1．緒論 1
 1.1 概述 1
        1.1.1 性質和用途 1
 1.2 新戊二醇的生產 2
     1.2.1 歧化法 3
 1.2.2 加氫法 4
2．實驗部分 5
 2.1 主要儀器和原料 5
 2.2 實驗原理 4
 2.3 合成步驟 6
        2.3.1 新戊二醇的合成 6
 2.3.2 新戊二醇的精制 7
 2.4 產率計算和產品結構表征 8
        2.4.1 產物的產率計算 8
 2.4.2 紅外表征 9
3．結果與討論 9
 3.1 催化劑對產量的影響 9
 3.1.1 催化劑濃度對產量的影響 10
 3.1.2 催化劑用量對產量的影響 10
 3.2 縮合溫度對產量的影響 12
 
 3.3 歧化溫度對產量的影響 13
 3.4 溶劑對產量的影響 14
 3.5 實驗討論 14
 3.6 產品分析 15
 3.6.1 產品結晶圖 15
 3.6.2 紅外測試分析 16
4．總結與展望 18
致謝 20
參考文獻 21

 摘 要：本論文以異丁醛為原料，在液堿催化劑的存在下，先與甲醛進行羥醛縮合反應，制備2，2-二甲基-3-羥甲基丙醛（羥基戊醛），然后再與甲醛進行歧化反應制備出新戊二醇，反應中得到NPG和甲酸鈉的混合溶液，經減壓脫水后，選擇合適的溶劑（如丙酮）溶解，冷卻至室溫時減壓過濾，取濾液（新戊二醇溶液），接著蒸出溶劑，回收。在此實驗中，我著重對催化劑的種類、濃度以及反應溫度（兩步反應）對實驗的影響做一探究，從而得出了最適宜的催化劑濃度為16.67 mol/L NaOH溶液（縮合用量為0.0167mol，歧化為0.56mol）和最佳的反應條件（縮合溫度為40℃，歧化溫度為50℃）。
 該實驗法投資小、工藝條件溫和。但是副產物甲酸鈉大量存在于反應產物中，對其脫除成為一大難題。

關鍵詞：新戊二醇；縮合；歧化反應；催化劑。

Abstract: This paper use isobutyraldehyde and formaldehyde as the raw materials.
Under the reation of alkaline catalyst, they conduct a condensation reaction to prepare 2,2-dimethyl-3- hydroxymethyl-propionaldehyde (Hydroxyl valeraldehyde) at first, and then conduct a disproportionation reaction to prepare Neopentyl Glycol. In the reaction, we can obtain the mixed solution of NPG and sodium formate. After decompression dehydration, we need to select the appropriate solvent such as acetone to extract the product. When it cools to room temperature ,we need to decompress the filter, obtain the filtrate (neopentyl glycol solution), distillate and recover the solvent. In the experiment, we discuss the influence of catalyst type, concentration and reaction temperature. At last, we get the most suitable catalyst concentration (condensation dosage is 0.011 mol, disproportionation dosage is 0.5 mol) and the best reaction conditions (condensation temperature is 40 degree and disproportionation temperature is 40 degree).
 The experimental method costs little and has a mild conditions. However, there is a large ammount of by-product sodium in the reaction products. Their removal is the major problem.

Keywords： Neopentyl glycol; Condensation; Cannizarro reaction; Catalyst.