約瑟夫森效應及其應用的探討

應用物理學論文編號:WLX031  字數:6572,頁數:17

目  錄

 中文摘要 1
 英文摘要 2
 目錄 3
 第一章     緒論 4
1.1  研究約瑟夫森效應的目的 4
1.2  研究背景 4
1.3   論文內容概述 4
 第二章     約瑟夫森效應的發現  5
 第三章     約瑟夫森效應的一種初等闡述 7
3.1  約瑟夫森公式 7
3.2  直流約瑟夫森效應 8
3.3  交流約瑟夫森效應 10
 第四章     約瑟夫森效應的應用 13
 第五章     總結 15
 致謝 16
參考文獻 1

摘     要

在本世紀初（1908年），荷蘭物理學家昂尼斯率先進入了人類未涉足過的低溫超導世界。近一個世紀僅僅直接對超導現象的研究就有四項獲得諾貝爾獎，其中分量最重的就是約瑟夫森效應的發現和應用。1962年約瑟夫森研究了兩塊超導體被一層薄絕體分開的（S-I-S）結，從理論上預言了約瑟夫森效應，當兩端電壓為零時，可以存在一股很小的超導電流，這是電子對隧道電流。臨界電流密度依賴于磁場。這種現象稱為直流約瑟夫森效應。當結兩端的直流電壓不等于0時，仍然存在行超導電子對的隧道電流，但這是一個交變的超導電流，這種現象稱為交流約瑟大森效應。本論文簡單闡述了約瑟夫森效應的發現過程，介紹約瑟夫森效應的內容，用初等方法導出了約瑟夫森公式，探討直流約瑟夫森效應和交流約瑟夫森效應的原理、特點及應用。
    關鍵詞： 超導結 直流約瑟夫森效應 交流約瑟夫森效應 相位

In the beginning of this century (1908), the Netherlands physicist Onnes first found superconductor. Four Nobel Prize related to lowtemperature superconductors. Nearly a century only directly to the phenomenon of superconductivity,the most important component of which is the Josephson effect of the discovery and application within. 1962. on the two superconductors must be a thin layer of separation of the S-I-S, theoretically predicted that the Josephson effect. when the voltage is zero at both ends, there can be a very smal current. This is the electronic currents of the tunnel. The critical current density depends on the magnetic field. This phenomenon known Josephson as the DC Josephson effect. When the ends of the DC voltage is equal, there are still lines of supercondisting electronics tunnel current, but this is a superconductor of alternating current,this phenomenon known as the exchange of large-sum effect of Josephson. This paper briefly described the Josephson effect and the discovery process,the Josephson effect on the content of the primary method use are AC Josephson formula of DC Josephson effect and the exchange of the Josephson effect principle, characteristics and applications.

Keywords：Superconducting, DC Josephson, AC Josephson, Phase