宏觀水平上的量子力學(xué)分析

應(yīng)用物理學(xué)論文編號(hào):WLX036  字?jǐn)?shù):9864,頁(yè)數(shù):17

目  錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iii
第一章     緒論  1
第二章     AB效應(yīng)  2
2.1   AB效應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)介 3
 2.2  AB效應(yīng)分析 4
 2.3  電AB效應(yīng) 4
 2.3.1實(shí)驗(yàn)方案 5
 2.3.2電AB效應(yīng)理論分析 5
 2.4  磁AB效應(yīng) 5
第三章     磁性粒子體現(xiàn)的宏觀量子效應(yīng)     7
3.1   磁性的宏觀量子效應(yīng) 7
 3.1.1磁約瑟夫森元件 8
 3.1.2信息存貯 8
 3.1.3極低溫下的磁性致冷 8
 3.2   分子磁體中的量子隧穿及宏觀量子效應(yīng) 9
 3.3   反鐵粒子的熱助量子隧道和宏觀量子效應(yīng) 10
第四章    Josephson效應(yīng) 11
 4.1   基本表示 11
 4.2   直流Josephson效應(yīng) 11
 4.3    交流Josephson效應(yīng) 11
第五章     結(jié)論與展望 12
致謝 13
參考文獻(xiàn) 14

摘     要
 
 在討論量子力學(xué)與經(jīng)典力學(xué)的關(guān)系時(shí)，最關(guān)鍵的核心問(wèn)題就是量子力學(xué)作為普通規(guī)律應(yīng)描述的宏觀體系。純屬量子力學(xué)的性質(zhì)，諸如勢(shì)壘隧道以及相相位干也能在宏觀體系中存在，在超導(dǎo)Josephson結(jié)中能出現(xiàn)宏觀量子隧道現(xiàn)象，AB效應(yīng)，磁的宏觀量子隧穿，單疇鐵磁粒子的宏觀量子現(xiàn)象，單疇反鐵磁粒子的宏觀量子現(xiàn)象，磁體系宏觀量子現(xiàn)象實(shí)驗(yàn)，磁性大分子的宏觀量子現(xiàn)象等都是量子力學(xué)在宏觀水平上的應(yīng)用。
本文從以下幾個(gè)方面對(duì)宏觀水平上的量子力學(xué)進(jìn)行分析：
 第一,  AB效應(yīng)，AB效應(yīng)的發(fā)展過(guò)程，電AB效應(yīng)，磁AB效應(yīng)，實(shí)驗(yàn)方案等進(jìn)行分析。
 第二，磁性粒子體現(xiàn)的宏觀量子效應(yīng)，從三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析，分別是磁性的宏觀量子效應(yīng)分子，磁體中的量子隧穿及宏觀量子效應(yīng)，反鐵粒子的熱助量子隧道和宏觀量子效應(yīng)。
第三，Josephson效應(yīng)。
關(guān)鍵詞： AB效應(yīng) 宏觀量子效應(yīng) 強(qiáng)耦合超導(dǎo)體 Josephson效應(yīng) 磁疇

Abstract
 During the discussion of quantum mechanics and classical mechanics of the relationship, the key issue is the core of the general laws of quantum mechanics should be described as a macro-system. Observed at the macro system can not be linear superposition principle of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanics is the principle should be to find the bodies to make it disappear, and this is the role of each other and the environment caused by detuning, but there are special circumstances making phase coherent at the macro system can throw retained. In addition the nature of a purely quantum mechanics, such as the tunnel barrier, as well as phase coherence can exist at the macro system. In superconducting Josephson junctions to macroscopic quantum tunneling phenomenon appears, showing a macro-system nature of quantum mechanics to overcome the impact of the environment in order to bring significant benefits.
 
 
 1,  AB effect , AB effect by the process of development, and electric AB effect, the magnetic AB effect, the analysis of experimental programs.
 2,  the magnetic particles reflect the macro-quantum effect, from an analysis of three aspects, namely, macro-quantum effect of the magnetic elements of quantum magnets and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, anti-hot iron particles and macroscopic quantum tunneling helps the quantum effect .
 3, the strong-coupling superconductors, Josephson effect.

Keywords：AB effect; Macroscopic quantum effects ; Strong-coupling superconductors ; Josephson effect ; Magnetic domain