Human origins the study of light early, but the understanding of the nature of light has gone through a more lengthy process, the light is actually the wave or the granule, the struggle of the light wave theory and the micellar theory started from the early 17th century,and comes to an end by the light wave-particle duality to the early 20th century. Fresnel formula was first exported by AJ Fresnel in 1812,and it is a important formula in optics and the electromagnetics. Fresnel thought that the light vibration is one continuous medium- by condition mechanical elastic vibration, he supplemented the huygens' principle by the Young interference principle in 1835, from this has had the Huygens - Fresnel principle which is familiar by people, with this principle can either completely explain the light straight line dissemination,or can discuss the diffraction phenomenon,and it becomes a important principle in the wave optics. However, Ethernet-mechanical point of view, the physical nature existence question, latter derives the Fresnel formula strictly by the Maxwell equation. This article through analyzes the Fresnel formula thoroughly earnestly, theoretically development and analysis of the application of Fresnel formula. Research reflected light refraction and vector-vector changes in the law, discuss the extra path difference, the phase phase-shift, model and so on plane of polarization revolving optical phenomena. Through the study of this topic, expanding the Fresnel formula theoretical analysis , clarifying the relevant parts of the literature on this issue is not the correct description, strengthening the formula in the modern description of the basis for optoelectronic applications.
Key words: Fresnel formula; Reflected light vector; Refracted light vector; Extra-poor; Phase phase shift; Polarization of rotation
