基礎(chǔ)物理實(shí)驗(yàn)測量數(shù)據(jù)的處理與表示

應(yīng)用物理學(xué)論文編號:WLX083  字?jǐn)?shù):6848,頁數(shù):19

目  錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iii
第一章     緒論  1
1.1   數(shù)據(jù)處理的要求 1
1.2   數(shù)據(jù)處理的方法與發(fā)展 1
第二章     測量不確定度的定義與來源 2
2.1   測量不確定度的定義 2
2.2   測量不確定度的來源 2
第三章     測量不確定度的分類 3
3.1   A類不確定度 3
3.2   B類不確定度 4
3.3   合成不確定度 4
3.4   擴(kuò)展不確定度 5
第四章     應(yīng)用實(shí)例分析 6
4.1   測量空心圓柱體的體積 6
4.2   金屬絲楊氏彈性模量的測定 7
4.3   空氣中聲速測定的不確定度評定 10
4.4   牛頓環(huán)干涉實(shí)驗(yàn)的不確定度評定 11
第五章     結(jié)語 13
致謝 14
參考文獻(xiàn) 15

摘     要
 數(shù)據(jù)處理的要求有兩個，即給出被測量真值的最佳估計值和給出真值最佳估計值的可靠程度的估計。傳統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)處理的中心思想是“測量誤差”，隨著人們對測量的認(rèn)識上地發(fā)展，誤差的局限性愈加明顯。誤差的局限性主要表現(xiàn)在無法求得其真值和各高校間誤差計算規(guī)則不同這兩方面上。由此產(chǎn)生了現(xiàn)在更為合理的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)處理方法——測量不確定度。當(dāng)然測量不確定度現(xiàn)在還不夠完善，有待于進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充發(fā)展。
 測量不確定度分為A類不確定度和B類不確定度。我們將它們合成可得合成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不確定度。為了增加真值最佳估計值的可靠程度，就出現(xiàn)了所謂的擴(kuò)展不確定度。擴(kuò)展不確定度即增大置信程度的不確定度。
 本文根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)處理的要求，針對基礎(chǔ)物理實(shí)驗(yàn)測量數(shù)據(jù)的處理，介紹了不確定度的概念及其評估方法。通過列舉多個實(shí)例，詳細(xì)闡述了如何用不確定度將基礎(chǔ)物理實(shí)驗(yàn)的測量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行正確處理。

關(guān)鍵詞： 數(shù)據(jù)處理  不確定度   不確定度的分類   實(shí)例

Abstract
 There are two data-processing requirements, that the best estimate value of true measured value and reliability of estimates for the best estimate value of true value.the central idea of traditional data processing is "measurement inaccuracy". As the understanding in measurement developmented,the limitation occurred in "measurement inaccuracy". The limitation in "measurement inaccuracy" mainly express in these two aspects ,that can't get true value indeed and the rule for calculate "measurement inaccuracy" is different between the universities.Produced the present experimental data processing method----- measurement Uncertainty.
 Measurement Uncertainty include type A and type B eva luation of uncertainty. we combined them to gain combined standard uncertainty. So as to increse the reliability for the best estimate value of true measured value,comes expanded uncertainty. The uncertainty that Increase the confidence level is expanded uncertainty .
 According to the data of the central idea of this article, For basic physics experimental data processing, introduced the concept of uncertainty and uncertainty assessment .Through list many examples, Understand that how to use the experimental uncertainty of the measurement of basic physical data correctly.
 
Keywords: data processing;uncertainty; The classification of measurement uncertainty;model.