車輛減振器實驗裝置液壓缸設計

車輛工程專業畢業論文，論文編號:JX890  論文字數:12462.頁數:36

摘    要
                                                                          
 液壓減振器作為車輛懸架系統中主要的阻尼元件，其性能的好壞直接關系到整車的安全性及舒適性。為提高減振器性能，確保品質，除了應具有先進的設計、生產工藝、現代化的管理手段外，還要有先進的試驗與測試設備，以檢測減振器的外特性是否符合設計要求。為了提高試驗臺的檢測性能，應采用其他更為先進的激振技術設計試驗裝置。本論文提出采用液壓激振器，液壓激振器是由振動液壓缸、液控換向閥和彈性元件等組成，采用液壓伺服系統通過收集壓力傳感器和位移傳感器信號保證振動頻率穩定且使之可調，其原理是微機作為主測控機，通過數據采集卡對試驗系統進行測控。試驗臺動作指令由主測控機發出，通過D/A接口進入伺服控制器進行信號放大和PID調節，然后輸出電流信號，驅動電液伺服閥；電液伺服閥根據信號，使液壓缸按要求的方向和速度運動；液壓缸在運動的同時帶動減振器運動，并分別通過位移傳感器測量位移、力傳感器測量阻尼力。檢測的位移信號和力信號通過適當調理分別進入數據采集卡的兩路A／D中，然后計算機通過數據處理得到要求的減振器特性曲線。激振器液壓缸為雙出桿差動液壓缸，活塞桿的一端連結在彈性元件上，另一端則作為輸出振動元件。為了給實驗臺提供正弦及隨機振動，設計液壓缸的行程為左右各120mm、供油壓力為25MPa、活塞桿的最大運動速度可達0.8m/s以及最大激振頻率為20HZ，同時應液壓缸要承受較大的沖擊負荷，缸筒結構選用法蘭連接并采用焊接方式。
 
關鍵詞：減震器  實驗裝置  激振技術  液壓激振器  
 
Abstract
 Hydraulic shock absorber suspension system as the main vehicle of the damping components, its performance is directly related to the quality of vehicle safety and comfort. Shock absorber to improve the performance to ensure that quality in addition to advanced design, production technology modern management means but also test and advanced test equipment to detect characteristics of the shock absorber with the design requirements. In order to improve the detection performance test-bed should be used in other, more advanced technical design test excitation. This paper presents the use of hydraulic vibration, hydraulic vibration exciter by hydraulic cylinders hydraulic control valve and flexible components, such as composition.Hydraulic servo system used to collect the pressure sensors and displacement sensor signal to ensure the stability of vibration frequency and adjustable so that its principle is the main computer as a machine monitoring and control through data acquisition card monitoring and control of the test system. Test-bed action directive issued by the machine monitoring and control, through the D / A interface into the servo controller PID signal amplification and conditioning and then the signal output current to drive the electro-hydraulic servo valve. Hydraulic cylinder in the shock absorber movement-led campaign at the same time and were measured through the displacement sensor displacement, force sensorsAmount of damping force. Displacement detection signal and power signal conditioning, respectively, through appropriate data acquisition card to enter the two-way A / D, and then computer data processing to be requested through the shock absorber characteristic curve. Vibrator dual hydraulic cylinders for the differential hydraulic cylinder rod and piston rod end of the elastic element in the link, the other end of the vibration components as output. Test-bed in order to provide sinusoidal and random vibration and the design of hydraulic cylinder for the trip around the 120mm with oil pressure of 25MPa and the maximum velocity of the piston rod of up to 0.8m / s and maximum excitation frequency of 20HZ. At the same time, liquid cylinder pressure to bear a larger impact load, the structure of choice Cylinder flange connection and the use of welding.

Keywords：Shock Absorber  Experimental device  Exciting technology
Hydraulic Vibrator 
目  錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iii
第一章     緒論 1
 1.1  研究背景 1
 1.2  研究動機與目的 1
 1.3  研究方法與系統描述 1
1.3.1  電動式激振器 2
1.3.2  電磁式激振器 3
1.3.3  電液式激振器 5
1.3.4  液壓激振器 6
第二章     試驗臺設計方案 8
2.1  試驗臺方案設計 8
2.2  試驗臺主機結構 9
2.3  試驗臺測試原理 9
第三章     液壓油缸的概述及類型選擇 11
 3.1   液壓缸的概述 11
 3.2   推力液壓缸 11
3.2.1  單作用液壓缸 11
3.2.2  雙作用液壓缸 11
3.2.3  組合液壓缸 11
 3.3   擺動液壓缸 12
 3.4   激振器液壓缸的選擇 12
第四章     液壓油缸的主要部件設計 13
 4.1   缸筒設計 13
4.1.1  缸筒結構選擇 13
4.1.2  缸筒材料選擇 13
4.1.3  缸筒要求 13
4.1.4  缸筒計算 14
4.1.5  缸筒制造加工要求 17
 4.2   活塞設計 18
4.2.1  活塞結構型式 18
4.2.2  活塞與活塞桿連接型式 18
4.2.3  活塞密封結構 18
4.2.4  活塞材料 19
4.2.5  活塞尺寸及加工公差 19
 4.3   活塞桿設計 19
4.3.1  活塞桿結構 19
4.3.2  活塞桿的材料和技術要求 19
4.3.3  活塞桿的計算 20
4.3.4  活塞桿尺寸 22
第五章     液壓油缸其他部件設計 23
 5.1   油口設計 23
 5.2   法蘭設計 23
 5.3   上、下導向座設計 25
 5.4   力變送器接頭設計 26
 5.5   墊設計 27
 5.6   位移傳感器座設計 27
 5.7   透蓋設計 28
第六章     總結 29
致謝 31
參考文獻 32