區域交通流時空分布特性分析

車輛工程專業畢業論文，論文編號:JX894  論文字數:22386.頁數:47

摘 要

 交通流理論是分析研究道路上行人和機動車輛（主要是汽車）在個別或成列行動中的規律，探討車流流量、流速和密度之間的關系，以求減少交通時間的延誤、事故的發生和提高道路交通設施使用效率的理論。始于50年代。是交通工程理論的基礎和其新發展的領域之一。研究的主要方法有：①概率論方法。假定道路上行駛的車輛互相獨立，車輛分布隨機，并假定各個車輛行駛是一種概率過程而用概率的理論加以分析的方法；②流體力學方法。即交通波動理論，假定交通流是具有特定性質的一種流體，應用氣體運動或聲波、洪水波理論，宏觀地表現這種現象的變化、演進的方法；③動力學方法。即跟車理論，就是在交通流中追隨前車的后車，假定其向前移動有某種規律性，據此可求得各車輛動力學狀態的微分方程式。后兩種方法較有前途，主要應用于道路服務水平與通行能力評價，交通量與交通事故預測，交通信號控制和消除汽車排隊和等候等方面。
 我國現階段的城市交通問題是社會經濟發展的必然結果，根據中央關于國民經濟和社會發展“九五”計劃和2010年遠景目標，我國又將進入社會主義現代化建設的持續、穩定和快速發展時期。面對新時期，大城市的交通滯后，已經不是簡單的靠拓寬和新建馬路就能解決問題的。
 現代城市在一天的客運高峰期間，旅客高度集中、流向大致相同的客流現象已很普遍，低運量的交通工具已遠遠不能滿足民眾出行的需要。而相對于其他公共交通方式，城市軌道交通具有：用地省，運能大，節約能源、對環境的污染小、人均噪聲小，乘座安全、舒適、方便、快捷等特點。
 現代城市需要有一個與其現代化生活相適應的現代化交通體系，要形成一個與城市發展布局高度協調的綜合交通格局。要把長遠規劃目標同近期調整改善結合起來。近期應做好與城市交通量基本相適應的道路網絡系統，逐步改善常規公共交通的服務管理質量，有機地配合好綜合交通規劃，拓展空間利用條件，重點發展以軌道交通為骨干的公共交通網絡，積極引入具有大、中客運量的地鐵和輕軌交通方式。
 而城市區域性時空分布分析作為道路網絡系統的基礎體現出了其絕對的重要性。
關鍵詞：交通流、時空分布、網絡系統

ABSTRACT
 
 Traffic flow a study of the way to pedestrians and vehicles （ mainly ） in the individual or a column of law and to flow and flow velocity and density the traffic relationship between, in order to reduce traffic delays, accidents and road use efficiency of transport. first in the fifties. is the basis of the project and the new development areas. the study of the main methods are ：①Any probability theory. that road traffic independent, vehicles are random, and assumes that all the traffic is a probability in the process of probability theory to the method of analysis ；②Fluid mechanics. The traffic, traffic flow of the volatility of the theory that a specific nature of a fluid, gas motion or sound, flood wave theory, macro with the changes, the evolutionary approach ；③Dynamics. that car, with the traffic flow, following cars gets back. their move forward with some regularity, thus obtained all the dynamics of the state of the differential equations. the two latter method is more promising is a major service for road traffic, traffic and the ability to the traffic accident. traffic signals control and eliminate the waiting line and wait.
 Our present stage of city traffic problem is the social and economic development of the inevitable result, according to the central committee on economic and social development of the ninth five-year plan and the 2010 long-range objective will enter into our socialist modernization, stability and rapid expansion. the new period, the big city traffic delay, is not easy to expand and the new road will be able to solve the problem.
 Modern city in the day a passenger at peak period, the highly centralized and flows same passenger flow phenomenon is now, low volume of transportation has cannot satisfy the people's needs. the degree of relative to other public transport, urban track of land and transport ：pumping energy large energy savings, environmental pollution, noise, the per capita in the safe, comfortable and convenient and quick characteristics.
 Modern city with its modernization needed to have a life of modern communications system, with the layout of urban development of a highly coordinated and comprehensive traffic arrangements. Recent should be made to the city traffic basic to the road network system, improving general public transport service quality of management and coordination with good planning, comprehensive traffic conditions, expanding development potentiality of focus in orbit traffic for the key public transport network to introduce a large, medium volume of passenger transport subway and s-bahn means of transportation.
 The city and analysis of regional distribution as the basis of the road network system showed its absolute importance.

key word: traffic flow, spatial and temporal distribution, xerox network system xerox

目錄
摘要 .. . .. . i
ABSTRACT .. . .. ..  iii
目錄 .  . . ..  Ⅰ
第1章 緒論.. .. .. .. ..1
 1.1 背景資料.. .. .. .3
 1.2 智能交通系統 . . .. .. .5
 1.3 城市智能交通誘導技術. .. .6
 1.4 WebGIS技術研究現狀.  . .. . . .  . . ..8
 1.5 課題來源. . .. . . . .. . ..9
 1.6 問題的提出 .. .. . . 10
 1.7 關鍵技術及研究現狀.. .  .. 10
 1.8 論文的結構.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..11
第2章交通流信息.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..12
  2.1 引言.. .. .. .. ..  ..12
  2.2 交通流動態信息.. .. .. .. .. .12
 2.2.1 交通流采集系統.. .. .. .. 13
 2.2.2 交通流車流量數據.. .. .. .. .15
  2.3 交通流靜態信息.. .. .. .. .. .15
 2.3.1 GIS技術.. .. .. .. .. ..15
 2.3.2 GIS的功能.. .. .. .. .. 16
 2.2.3 GIS電子地圖基本數據要求.. .. .. .. 17
第3章 城市區域交通流時空分布特性分析.. ..  .18
 3.1 引言 . .. .. ..18
 3.2 相關基礎理論 . .. ..18
 3.2.1 交通流理論.. . . .. ..22
 3.2.2 孤立子理論. . . .  .. 23
 3.3基于B樣條曲面擬合的城市交通時空分布擬合.. .. . . 24
 3.3.1 B樣條擬合. .. ..25
 3.3.2 B樣條擬合結果. .. . 37
 3.4 城市交通時空分布擬合結果分析. .. .. .. . . . .40
 3.5 本章小結 .. .. ..40
第4章總結與展望.. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. 41
 4.1 總結.. .. .. . 41
 4.2 展望. . . . . ..   . 41
參考文獻. .. .. .. ..42
致謝. .. .. .. .. 43