多楔帶磨削機(jī)單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化論文，論文編號(hào):JX1183  論文字?jǐn)?shù):19843.頁(yè)數(shù):45

 摘  要
 
 本文主要介紹了用單片機(jī)控制來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)單根式多楔帶磨削機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)多楔帶磨削機(jī)的控制要求，對(duì)模塊及執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行選型。在分析和比較幾種方案的基礎(chǔ)上給出了該設(shè)計(jì)方案的具體實(shí)施。最后對(duì)在軟件調(diào)試過(guò)程中所遇到的問(wèn)題及解決方法進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。此次設(shè)計(jì)在不降低精度的前提下，使磨削機(jī)的成本得以下降，為向國(guó)內(nèi)中小企業(yè)做進(jìn)一步推廣打下基礎(chǔ)。
 該種單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)多楔帶磨削機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程。這種單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)多楔帶磨削機(jī)應(yīng)當(dāng)具有以下主要特點(diǎn)：（1）磨削精度高，通過(guò)設(shè)置不同的磨削量，多次磨削；（2）磨帶過(guò)程采用全自動(dòng)控制；（3）良好的人機(jī)界面可使用戶根據(jù)不同的需求來(lái)設(shè)置磨削量。根據(jù)上述的功能要求，本文作者在查閱了許多相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料和分析比較了國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有的多楔帶磨削機(jī)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)上，確定了控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方案并進(jìn)行了軟件設(shè)計(jì)。該磨削機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)以W77E58單片機(jī)為控制核心，三菱觸摸屏為人機(jī)界面，軟件設(shè)計(jì)采用匯編語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行編程。
 本論文共有五章。第一章緒論，主要介紹了該種單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)多楔帶磨削機(jī)的國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀并分析了對(duì)該種設(shè)備需求的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，明確了本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容的工程應(yīng)用背景。
 第二章主要對(duì)磨削機(jī)的系統(tǒng)功能要求進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析，其中包括讀取、磨削、復(fù)位等。此外，第二章還對(duì)多楔帶磨削機(jī)的整機(jī)及硬件結(jié)構(gòu)如控制面板、磨輪部分等進(jìn)行了介紹，并分析了它們對(duì)多楔帶磨削過(guò)程可能產(chǎn)生的影響。
 第三章介紹了該磨削機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)硬件組成，包括以單片機(jī)為核心的主控板部分、觸摸屏及電動(dòng)機(jī)等，并通過(guò)系統(tǒng)的硬件組成框圖說(shuō)明了它們之間的聯(lián)系。
 接下來(lái)的第四章是本論文的重點(diǎn)。該章對(duì)該多楔帶磨削機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的軟件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，包括控制程序的主函數(shù)、主要的子函數(shù)及通信函數(shù)等的設(shè)計(jì)。主要的子函數(shù)有：磨削函數(shù)、復(fù)位函數(shù)等。通信函數(shù)是單片機(jī)與觸摸屏間的通信函數(shù)。子程序的設(shè)計(jì)主要是函數(shù)的功能、流程及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，包括介紹函數(shù)名、功能、調(diào)用函數(shù)、全局變量、出入口、注意等。單片機(jī)與觸摸屏接口函數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)是采用RS232串口通信，通過(guò)設(shè)定協(xié)議實(shí)現(xiàn)兩者間的數(shù)據(jù)交換。
 第五章是軟件的調(diào)試過(guò)程中碰到的問(wèn)題及相對(duì)應(yīng)的解決方法，同時(shí)說(shuō)明設(shè)計(jì)及調(diào)試的關(guān)鍵部分內(nèi)容詳細(xì)。程序調(diào)試是軟件設(shè)計(jì)中一個(gè)非常關(guān)鍵的步驟，對(duì)編程的經(jīng)驗(yàn)及處理問(wèn)題能力的提高很有好處。本文作者在所編程序進(jìn)行軟件和硬件調(diào)試，對(duì)調(diào)試過(guò)程中遇到的主要問(wèn)題都進(jìn)行了記錄，在分析并不斷嘗試各種方法的基礎(chǔ)上尋求最終的解決辦法。該論文對(duì)這一過(guò)程中遇到的幾個(gè)重要的難點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題部分進(jìn)行了較詳細(xì)的記錄和重點(diǎn)分析。
 最后一章是結(jié)束語(yǔ)，總結(jié)本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)課題的完成情況及主要的收獲。
 
關(guān)鍵詞：多楔帶  磨削  控制系統(tǒng)  單片機(jī)控制器
 
Abstract
 This paper introduces radical Ribbed single grinding machine control system design with single-chip control. The selections of the modules and implementing agencies are in accordance with the control requirements of Ribbed belt grinding machine. Based on the analysis and comparison of several options, concrete implementation are given to the design options. Finally, the problems in the process of software debugging and the solutions are described. The design does not reduce the accuracy of the premise, and the cost of grinding machine can be dropped, in order to lay a foundation to the promotion of medium and small domestic enterprises.     This paper mainly introduces the process of the software control system design of single-chip multi wedge belt grinding machine. This single chip multi wedge belt grinding machine control system should have the following main features: (1) grinding and high precision, by setting the different volume of grinding, and grinding time and time again; (2) the process of grinding with automatic control; (3) it’s good man-machine interface allows users to set the grinding volumes according different needs.
 According to the functional requirements, the author of this paper determine the control system design and software design by looking up in a lot of relevant literature and comparatively analysising the advantages and disadvantages of multi-wedge belt grinding machine existing home and abroad now. W77E58 single-chip control is the core the grinding machine control system, and Mitsubishi touch screen is the man-machine interface,and the software design use modular structure and programm by compilation language.
 This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the  Introduction, principal introduced the status quo of the single-chip multi-wedge belt grinding machine control system at home and abroad and an analysis of the types of equipment, the development trend of demand, defining the content of the background of engineering applications of this graduation project.     The main contents of the second chapter is detailed analysis of the grinding machine system requirements, including reading, back to zero, grinding and so on. In addition, the chapter also presentats the multi-wedge belt grinding machine such as machine and its hardware structure such as the control panel, wheel follower of tension, the pressing wheel and some part of the Tension driving wheel, and analysises of the possible impact of the process of grinding.     The third chapter introduces the hardware components of the control system of grinding machine, including single-chip microcomputer as the core part of the control panel, touch screen, and motors, and illustrates their linkage by block diagram of hardware .    The four chapte is the focus of this paper. The chapter designs software of the multi-wedge belt grinding machine control system, including the design of main function and the major Subroutine of the control procedures, and communication function. Major Functions are: Back to zero function, the same direction grinding function, anti-wear function, and reset function. Communication function is communication function between the touch screen and single-chip. The main function of Subroutine design is the features, process and structural design, including the function name, function, call function, global variables, and import and export, and attentions. The designe of interface between Single-chip and the touch-screen is using RS232 serial communications, by setting the protocol for data exchange between them.     The five chapte introduces problems encountered in the process during debugging software and the corresponding solutions.Software debugging is a very important and critical step of software design,and it does good at promoting the programming experience and capacity to deal with the problems. The author of this article programmed in sole software and liked hardware and software, even have recorded the main problems encountered during the process of debugging, after the analysis and continue to try various methods to find the ultimate solution. The thesis focused the analysis and records details of several major difficulties encountered in this process.     The final chapter is the concluding remarks, summarize on the subject of this graduation project and the main harvests.
 
Keyword：multi-wedge   grinding  controller system   Single-chip controller  
 
目  錄
 摘  要 i
 Abstract iii
 目  錄 v
 第1章  緒論 1
 1.1 引言 1
 1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 1
 1.3 本課題主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 2
 1.4本章小結(jié) 3
 第2章  控制系統(tǒng)方案和組成 4
 2.1多楔帶單根磨削機(jī)的組成及其工作原理 4
 2.1.1多楔帶磨削機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的功能和要求 4
 2.1.2多楔帶單根磨削機(jī)的組成和工作原理 5
 2.2 控制系統(tǒng)的方案選擇 6
 2.2.1利用可編程控制器（PLC）來(lái)控制單根式多楔帶磨削機(jī) 6
 2.2.2利用單片機(jī)來(lái)控制單根式多楔帶磨削機(jī) 6
 2.3系統(tǒng)分析和方案設(shè)計(jì) 7
 2.3.1系統(tǒng)功能分析 7
 2.3.2系統(tǒng)總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 8
 2.4本章小結(jié) 8
 第3章  控制系統(tǒng)硬件組成部分 9
 3.1  系統(tǒng)基本配置 9
 3.1.1 主控板 9
 3.1.2 步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī) 10
 3.1.3 觸摸屏 11
 3.2  操作面板界面設(shè)計(jì) 11
 3.3  本章小結(jié) 12
 第4章  控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 13
 4.1  主程序結(jié)構(gòu) 13
 4.2  主要的子程序功能及其流程圖 14
 4.2.1 初始化程序 15
 4.2.2 中斷服務(wù)程序 16
 4.2.3磨削程序 19
 4.2.4 磨輪位移 20
 4.3  單片機(jī)與觸摸屏通信程序設(shè)計(jì) 20
 4.3.1 通信協(xié)議 20
 4.3.2 通信程序設(shè)計(jì) 23
 4.4  本章小結(jié) 27
 第5章  關(guān)鍵功能模塊及調(diào)試 28
 5.1  磨輪到達(dá)零點(diǎn)位置 28
 5.2 磨削進(jìn)給量分配問(wèn)題 29
 5.3浮點(diǎn)程序 30
 5.4按鍵調(diào)試 32
 5.5電機(jī)調(diào)試中出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)問(wèn)題 32
 5.6  本章小結(jié) 37
 參考文獻(xiàn) 38
 致  謝 39