孫中山的社會保障思想及評析

論文編號:LS202  論文字?jǐn)?shù):13116,頁數(shù):17

孫中山的社會保障思想及評析

摘要

 作為20世紀(jì)初期最具影響的思想家，孫中山從其“養(yǎng)民濟(jì)窮”的民生論出發(fā)，提出了很多頗具新意的社會保障主張，成為近代中國社會保障思想史上的集大成者。孫中山的社會保障思想是在繼承中國傳統(tǒng)民本思想的基礎(chǔ)上，并受到西方社會福利思想的影響而形成的。它主要包括災(zāi)民、難民救濟(jì)，優(yōu)待撫恤和社會福利三方面。他的社會保障思想體現(xiàn)出了以民為本、安老懷少，與發(fā)展實(shí)業(yè)相結(jié)合以及救助的制度化和法治化特點(diǎn)。孫中山所設(shè)計(jì)的這種“國利民富”的理想社會，反映了中國人對沒有剝削沒有壓迫的理想社會和大同世界的強(qiáng)烈渴望，但是這些構(gòu)想很大程度上脫離了中國的實(shí)際，缺乏實(shí)施的社會歷史環(huán)境，盡管如此，孫中山主持建立起來的民國社會救助體系仍然揭開了中國近代社會保障事業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型的帷幕，對中國當(dāng)代不斷改革和完善社會保障制度提供了重要的啟示：中國社會保障的改革和發(fā)展要與當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展水平相適應(yīng)，同時(shí)借鑒西方發(fā)達(dá)國家的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，結(jié)合中國的具體國情，穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)社會保障的改革和完善。

關(guān)鍵詞: 孫中山  社會保障  近代化
 
Sun Yat-sen's social security thought and comments on and analyses
 
 Abstrract：
 
 As the thinker who affects have most early in the 20 century,Sun Yat-sen "has supported a people from the person helping poor " people's livelihood theory starting off , has brought forward many social security view expecting rather newly , has become upper expert with a comprehensive expression of Chinese social security the modern times thought history .Sun Yat-sen's social security thought is effect mounting, and accepting west public welfare thought in the basis inheriting Chinese tradition people this Great Harmony thought's but takes form. It includes victims of a natural calamity mainly , the refugee relieves, give preferential treatment to the aspect comforting and compensating a bereaved family with three public welfares. People be become old , ampere thinking of the systematism stopping each other, combining with to developing industry and helping in danger, and rule by law-rization for his social security thought having been embodied out. Although the Republic society that the history environment, This "country designed by Sun Yat-sen benefits the people ideal rich " society, has reflected the intense Chinese aspiration to not exploiting ideal society and Great Harmonic Universe not oppressing, but these conceive of the reality having broken away from Chinese on very big degree but the Sun Yat-sen host founds because of being short of the society who is put into effect helps system in danger, the drapery having revealed Chinese social security cause the modern times transforming , the social security system hereafter unceasingly, reforming and improving and perfecting to China have provided the important enlightenment. The social security reformation and develop essential points and current economic and social development level appearance adapt to China, useful experience using developed Western countries for reference at the same time, steadily, Chinese country's specific national condition of union, pushes forward the social security reformation and improves and perfects.

Key words: ：Sun Yat-sen   social security   Modern times-rization
 
 目錄
 
引言...................................................................... 1
文獻(xiàn)綜述.................................................................. 1
研究方法  2
討論與分析  2
一、 孫中山社會保障思想的淵源..................................... ......．.．3
傳統(tǒng)民本大同的福利思想...................................... ......．.3
西方福利思想的影響.......................................... ......．.3
二、孫中山社會保障思想的內(nèi)容...............................................4
社會救濟(jì)思想............................................. ...........5
優(yōu)待撫恤思想................................................ ........5
社會福利思想................................................ ........6
三、孫中山社會保障思想的具體實(shí)施.................................. ........7
四、孫中山社會保障思想的特點(diǎn)...................................... ........9
以民為本，關(guān)懷民生.......................................... ........9
社會保障與發(fā)展實(shí)業(yè)相結(jié)合.................................... ........9
重視科學(xué)技術(shù)與社會救濟(jì)的結(jié)合................................ .......10
社會保障的制度化和法制化.................................... .......11
五、孫中山社會保障思想的評析...................................... .......12
結(jié)論.............................................................. .......13
參考文獻(xiàn).......................................................... .......14