論清代改土歸流對(duì)黔東南苗族的影響

論文編號(hào):LS186  論文字?jǐn)?shù):10436,頁(yè)數(shù):13

論清代改土歸流對(duì)黔東南苗族的影響

摘要
                      
 清代是黔東南苗族發(fā)展史上的重要時(shí)期，經(jīng)歷了改土歸流，在社會(huì)形態(tài)上經(jīng)歷了由封建領(lǐng)主制向地主制的過(guò)渡和由封建時(shí)代向半殖民地半封建社會(huì)的過(guò)渡。清代“改土歸流”對(duì)西南各民族產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。本文僅以“改土歸流”對(duì)黔東南苗族的影響為例,從貴州苗族的發(fā)展進(jìn)程，清代在這一地區(qū)進(jìn)行改土歸流的情況，以及改土歸流對(duì)此地區(qū)苗族經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化等方面的影響進(jìn)行分析,認(rèn)為改土歸流對(duì)黔東南苗族影響是漸進(jìn)的，全方位，多層次，深程度的。在改土歸流過(guò)程中,黔東南苗族在與外界的接觸、碰撞中，不斷消化、吸收外來(lái)的氣息,在保持原有民族傳統(tǒng)特色的同時(shí)，社會(huì)各方面都發(fā)生了深刻的變革。苗疆“改土歸流”是一次進(jìn)步的政治大變革，強(qiáng)化了清王朝對(duì)該地區(qū)的統(tǒng)治，改變了當(dāng)?shù)胤忾]、落后的狀況，促進(jìn)了社會(huì)生產(chǎn)發(fā)展，鞏固了國(guó)家邊防，有利于推進(jìn)統(tǒng)一的、多民族國(guó)家的發(fā)展。因此，認(rèn)真研究苗疆“改土歸流”的歷史原貌，對(duì)于尊重地方少數(shù)民族的生活習(xí)俗，文化環(huán)境，同時(shí)積極開(kāi)展西部大開(kāi)發(fā)，推動(dòng)社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的建設(shè)，仍有著重要的歷史借鑒意義。

關(guān)鍵詞：改土歸流　苗族　影響

On the Impact of “Gai Tu Gui Liu”on Miao people’s territory in the southeast of Gui zhou province in Qing Dynasty

Abstract：Miao Qing Dynasty is an important period in the history which experience Gai Tu Giu Liu ,in the form of society, by the feudal lords to the system of the host system.The “Gai To Gui Liu”of Miao people’s territory in thesouth-east of Guizhou province,has been a heating issue in theacademic circle,and people hold different views,which can be summed up in the following:firstly,whether developingMiao people’s territory is concluded in the system secondly,what’s the historical reasons of developingMiao people’s territory; thirdly,in what methods used indeveloping Miao people’s territory.According to some relativeliteratures,the“Tu”of the system of“Gai Tu Gui Liu”,mainly,refers to any local administration policies against the government administration policies,of course,including the systemof“Tu Si”.But abasement of“Tu Si”can not cover all the contentsof the reforming of the system of“Tu”,whereas Qing government wanted to bring“Sheng Jie”within which thehe Qing Dynasty to take any furrmeasures that flow under Soil Miao in the region of economic, political, cultural and other aspects, such as the impact analy-sis that the flow of regulation Soil Miao is a progressive, multi-directi-onal, multi-level, deep extent of the impact. Therefore, the study of Miao area to flow in appearance, respect for the lives of the local ethnic customs, and culture and carry out large-scale western development, and promote the building of a harmonious socialist society, have an important historical reference.

Key words: “Gai Tu Gui Liu”  Miao  impact

目錄

引言…………………………………………………………………………………1
文獻(xiàn)綜述……………………………………………………………………………1
研究方法……………………………………………………………………………2
討論與分析…………………………………………………………………………3
一、黔東南苗族的發(fā)展歷程………………………………………………………3
二、清代在黔東南苗族地區(qū)推行改土歸流的背景及過(guò)程………………………4
1．清代在黔東南苗族地區(qū)推行改土歸流的背景………………………………4
2．清代在黔東南苗族地區(qū)推行改土歸流的過(guò)程………………………………5
三、清代改土歸流對(duì)黔東南苗族的影響…………………………………………6
1．推動(dòng)了黔東南苗族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展……………………………………………7
2．促進(jìn)了黔東南苗族地區(qū)交通建設(shè)的發(fā)展，推動(dòng)了與外界的聯(lián)系……………9
3．在政治上，強(qiáng)化了清政府對(duì)黔東南苗族地區(qū)的統(tǒng)治…………………………10
4．在文化教育方面，推行文化滲透政策…………………………………………10
結(jié)論…………………………………………………………………………………11
參考文獻(xiàn)……………………………………………………………………………12