軟件開(kāi)發(fā)質(zhì)量管理提升系統(tǒng)之需求管理

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摘    要
在軟件項(xiàng)目的開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中，需求變更貫穿了軟件項(xiàng)目的整個(gè)生命周期，從項(xiàng)目立項(xiàng)，研發(fā)、維護(hù)，到用戶(hù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)在增加，對(duì)使用軟件的感受有變化，以及整個(gè)行業(yè)的新動(dòng)態(tài)，都為軟件帶來(lái)不斷完善功能、優(yōu)化性能及提高用戶(hù)友好性的要求。項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理經(jīng)常面對(duì)用戶(hù)的需求變更。如果不能有效處理這些需求變更，項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃會(huì)一再調(diào)整，軟件交付日期一再拖延，項(xiàng)目研發(fā)人員的士氣將越來(lái)越低落，將直接導(dǎo)致項(xiàng)目成本增加、質(zhì)量下降及項(xiàng)目失敗。這要求項(xiàng)目組需要擁有好的需求管理工具。
需求管理工具的主要目的是實(shí)現(xiàn)客戶(hù)及開(kāi)發(fā)小組之間內(nèi)部的良好溝通、有效的減少錯(cuò)誤，增加項(xiàng)目可控性，保證項(xiàng)目按期按預(yù)算順利進(jìn)行、規(guī)范軟件開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程，確保軟件質(zhì)量,為需求的組織、集成和分析提供方便。本系統(tǒng)將結(jié)合需求文檔管理?xiàng)l目化管理的要求，使需求具有可追溯性，而且很好的控制軟件需求的變更，通過(guò)基線(xiàn)管理等方式，實(shí)現(xiàn)需求的可跟蹤性，增加團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)的積極性和項(xiàng)目管理的可控性，從而準(zhǔn)確地控制需求變更。主要功能包括需求定制、需求跟蹤、需求檢索、需求基線(xiàn)管理、需求權(quán)限管理、相關(guān)需求的討論，報(bào)表等功能。
本文將結(jié)合系統(tǒng)功能，介紹需求管理中的一些基本概念及相關(guān)的需求管理過(guò)程，然后闡述本系統(tǒng)的一些具體實(shí)現(xiàn)方案和該系統(tǒng)工具的一些基本功能。

關(guān)鍵字：需求管理，需求屬性，基線(xiàn)

Requriments Management Of Software Quality Management System

Abstract
The Requeriment changes run through the entire software developerment life cycle, from projects setting up, developing, maintaining, to users’ feed back. Also the progress in industry, continuous improvement of software functions, performance optimizing, and user-friendly requirements bring new requirement changes. In the software project management process, project managers are often faced with the user's requirement change. If it is not effectively handled, the project plan will be adjusted frequently, software delivery date will be delayed, the project costs will increase, and the quality of the project will be declined . This requires the project team should have a good demand management tool.
Requriements management tool should intend to achieve the main objective of good internal communication between clients and the development team ,effectively reducing errors, improvement of projects’controllable , ensuring that the project runs in schedule, standardized software development process to ensure that the quality of software, and to make it conveniences for requriements sorting, integration and analysis . The system will be integrated with requirements’document management, with requirements’ traceability, with good control software requriement changes, baseline management practices, and achieve the tracking requriments, increase the positive development team and project management, controllable, thereby accurately control requriement changes. Key features include customized demand, demand tracking and retrieva l needs, the baseline demand management, power demand management and related needs discussion statements, and other functions.
Along with the implement system, this paper will introduce some basic concepts of requirements management,and requirements management process, then described the system to achieve some of the specific programs and some basic functionality of the tool.

Key Words:Requriments Management, Requriement Attribute, Baseline

 目    錄
1．緒論 1
1.1課題來(lái)源及研究意義 1
1.2課題目前研究現(xiàn)狀及存在的問(wèn)題 1
1.3本文結(jié)構(gòu) 2
2．需求管理中常用的概念和過(guò)程 4
2.1需求管理中常用到的概念 4
2.1.1需求 4
2.1.2需求管理 4
2.1.3需求類(lèi)型 5
2.1.4需求類(lèi)型里的需求屬性 5
2.2需求管理 5
2.3.1需求管理方針 6
2.3.2需求管理相關(guān)職責(zé)描述 7
2.3.3主過(guò)程描述 8
2.3.4子過(guò)程描述 10
3．系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.1設(shè)計(jì)模式介紹 18
3.2服務(wù)器 18
3.3客戶(hù)端層 19
4．系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn) 20
4.1數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì) 20
4.2客戶(hù)端實(shí)現(xiàn) 26
4.3本系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中一些關(guān)鍵算法 27
5．系統(tǒng)的主要功能模塊 29
5.1需求定制 29
5.2版本控制 30
5.3變更歷史 30
5.4基線(xiàn)管理 31
5.5需求跟蹤 32
6．本系統(tǒng)有待完善的地方 33
結(jié)    論 35
致    謝 36
參考文獻(xiàn) 37