中小型企業軟件質量保證實施研究

論文字數:13322,頁數:28 有開題報告，任務書

摘 要
 軟件過程改善是各個企業建立適合自身軟件生產線和促進軟件工業化生產的必由之路，軟件過程理論和技術的研究與應用始終存在一定的差距，在國內外成功應用并受益于這些軟件經驗與技術的企業多數是國防企業和大型的商業企業，中小型企業具有不同于大型企業的企業特征，這些特征有些有利于軟件工程技術的應用與實施，而有些又限制了軟件工程技術的應用與實施。軟件過程改善的關鍵是量體裁衣，以理論和模型為指導，充分結合企業特征，進行適合企業特色的軟件過程改善。
 該文在分析中小型軟件企業的企業文化、企業規模、軟件生產的創新能力、動態變化能力、技術革新能力等特征的基礎上，提出在對中小型軟件企業進行過程改善時應突出幾個方面，一是過程改善應充分利用開發組的豐富創造能力為解決過程改善問題提出方案，在確立過程改善目標時應盡可能多地涉及各種層次的項目組人員，同時采取劃分過程改善任務單元的方法，不破壞軟件開發過程的連續性；二是過程改善是應著重企業關心的目標，不一定完全依從CMM在進行過程改善時，應實施“項目分析”關鍵子域，“項目分析”是以過程度量為核心的，分析已完成項目的過程行為信息，總結過程經驗。實踐例子是我在廣州賽意科技有限公司所在使用的軟件質量保證監控要素以及其拓展要素。

關鍵詞：軟件過程，軟件質量，過程改進
Software quality assurance implementation for medium and small
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Abstract
 Software process improvement is the pathway for a corporation to create its software production lines and for a county to accelerate the industrialized software production. But there are gaps between theories and applications of software process and engineering. Only some large corporations and some national defense enterprises get benefit from the new software theories and practices. The medium and small corporations have so many different characters from the large ones that they must get more efficiency to use their limited resource to improve the software process.
 This article centralizes the solution about the software process improvement technology and practice for small and medium corporations. Based an the marked characters of these  corporations Inherited enterprise culture, Size & Scope, Creativity, Dynamic changeable ability, the article stresses three point about the improvement strategy. The first one is that the Software process improvement tasks are divided to keep the project development process and Software process improvement parallel and to get more personnel involved in the Software process improvement activities. The second one is that there must be clear objectives to improve process and the objectives must be eva luated in the evolving process. And the objectives do not always comply with CMM. Also, the “completed project analysis” is the very important practice for small and medium corporations and must be executed in the evolving process. At last, an example illustrates the software process improvement strategy. The example is software quality assurance points and widening points about SIE Consulting Co., Ltd.

Keywords: software process, software quality, process improvement

目錄
1 引言 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 國外軟件質量保證已有成果 2
1.3 論文研究成果 3
1.4 論文組織結構 4
2 中小企業的質量保證實施研究 5
2.1 PDCA原則指導持續過程改進 5
2.2 面向國內中小軟件企業的軟件度量框架 5
2.2.1 過程層 6
2.2.2 度量層 6
2.2.3 評價/決策層 7
2.2.4 實施層 8
2.3 面向國內中小軟件企業的全面質量保證框架 9
2.3.1 實行工程化開發 9
2.3.2 實行階段性凍結與改動控制 10
2.3.3 實行里程碑式的審查與版本控制 10
2.3.4 實行面向用戶參與的原型演化 10
2.3.5 盡量采用面向對象和基于構件的方法 10
2.3.6 全面測試 11
2.3.7 引入外部監理與審計 11
3 實踐部分 12
3.1 企業背景介紹 12
3.2 企業特色軟件開發項目質量監控體系 13
3.2.1 部門級監控要素 14
3.2.2 計劃與執行監控要素 15
3.2.3 配置管理監控要素 16
3.2.4 項目過程管理監控要素 16
3.2.5 知識積累監控要素 19
3.3 標準要素的拓展 19
結論 21
致謝 22
參考文獻 23