實時嵌入式操作系統的設計

論文字數:16448,頁數:34 有開題報告，任務書

 摘 要
 隨著微處理器的發展，種類繁多、價格低廉、結構小巧的CPU和外設連接，提供了穩定、可靠的硬件架構。現在嵌入式系統發展的瓶頸在軟件方面，尤其是操作系統的“嵌入式”化。由于Linux源碼的開放性、簡練、多任務、易移植、成本低等特性，成為諸多研究與應用選擇的對象。隨著2.6內核的發布，Linux向現有主流的實時操作系統提出了更大的挑戰，勢必能成為更優秀的嵌入式操作系統。
本人一直以來都對Linux 操作系統很感興趣，并結合本專業，對Linux應用于嵌入式實時環境進行了一定的研究。深入探討了面向嵌入式實時環境的 Linux系統的體系結構。論文首先概述了嵌入式系統及實時系統的發展情況，然后介紹Linux在實時領域的相關研究，其次講述了嵌入式Linux系統的構造，最后描述了系統測試的策略，并就下一步可繼續進行的工作進行了展望。

關鍵詞： Linux；進程；實時系統；嵌入式系統。

Design on the Kernel of Embedded Operating System
                                      

 Abstract
 With microprocessor development, a wide range of low price, compact structure of the CPU and peripherals and provide a stable, reliable hardware architecture. Embedded system development is now the bottleneck in the software, especially operating systems, "embedded" change. Due to the open-source Linux, concise, multi-task, multi-task and easy to transplant, and low cost characteristics, as many research and application of choice target. With release 2.6 of the kernel, Linux to the mainstream of the existing real-time operating system providers, the greater the challenge, is bound to become more outstanding Embedded operating system.
I got interest with Linux operating system several years ago. Combination my specialty, Then I did some research for real-time Linux. Based on these facts, this thesis demonstrates architecture and internals of Linux system used on embedded systems. The paper outlined the systems and embedded real-time system development, Then real-time Linux in the field of research, followed by about embedded Linux system in the structure, Description of the final system testing strategies, and on the next steps to continue the work forward.
 
Key words： Real Time System, Embedded System, process, Linux  
 
 目錄
1嵌入式實時系統概況 1
1.1  嵌入式系統概況 1
1.1.1  關于嵌入式系統 1
1.1.2  嵌入式系統的基本特征 2
1.1.3  典型的嵌入式系統 2
1.2  實時嵌入式系統概況 3
1.2.1  什么是實時嵌入式系統 3
1.2.2  實時嵌入式操作系統 4
2 Linux作為實時系統的分析 6
2.1 Linux內核體系結構 6
2.2 Linux進程管理 7
2.2.1進程描述符 8
2.2.2進程調度 13
2.2.2搶占 16
2.2.3調度器的實時性能 18
3構造嵌入式Linux系統 20
3.1 uClinux結局方案 20
3.2構造潛入式Linux系統 21
3.2.1 構建嵌入式Linux系統的幾個關鍵問題 21
3.2.1 構建嵌入式Linux系統的關鍵步驟 24
3.3 uClinux在ARMulator的移植 25
4測試方案 28
總結 29
致謝 30
參考文獻 31