高 超 的 敘 事 藝 術(shù)論杜甫樂府詩“三吏”“三別”

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高 超 的 敘 事 藝 術(shù) ——論杜甫樂府詩“三吏”“三別”
[摘要]：“三吏”“三別”是詩人杜甫在華洲任職時寫的組詩。這組詩歌是杜甫詩集中最為傳頌的一組敘事名篇，代表了杜甫“新題樂府”的最高成就，在現(xiàn)實主義詩歌的發(fā)展中占有繼往開來的重要地位，被譽為杜詩：現(xiàn)實主義的一個頂點.它不僅繼承了漢樂府的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)實主義精神而且開創(chuàng)了把現(xiàn)實生活高度藝術(shù)化的新風(fēng)格！詩人在“三吏”“三別”中通過對典型對象的描述，展開平實且具有個性的語言，巧用“對話”“代言”的敘事形態(tài)進(jìn)行敘事，同時，詩人通過敘事來表達(dá)了詩人的“憂國”“憂民”的強烈的現(xiàn)實主義精神。

[關(guān)鍵詞]：敘事藝術(shù) 典型對象 個性語言 對話 代言 現(xiàn)實主義

Abstract : The group poem which "three government officials" "three leave" arepoet Du Fu is in office when Hua Zhou writes. This group of poetry isgroup of narrative masterpieces which in the Du Fu poetry anthologymost praises, has represented Du Fu "the new topic yuefu the highestachievement, holds the important status in the realispoetrydevelopment which inherits, by reputation for Du poem: A realism apexIt not only has inherited the Chinese yuefu  fine tradition and therealism spirit moreover founded the real life high art new style! Thepoet "three leaves" in "three government officials" center through tothe typical object description, launches level also has theindividuality language, skillfully uses "the dialogue" "speaks onanother's behalf" the narrative shape to carry on narrates,simultaneously, the poet through narrates expressed the poet "sorrowcountry" "sorrow people" the intense realism spirit.
Key word : The narrative artistic typical object individuality language dialoguespeaks on another's behalf the realism

引言：“三吏”“三別”是杜甫在肅宗乾元元年（958年）元月被貶為華洲司功參軍，第二年的二月至東都洛陽，不久自洛陽回華洲就一路寫成此組詩—〈〈新安吏〉〉，〈〈潼關(guān)吏〉〉，〈〈石壕吏〉〉，〈〈新婚別〉〉，〈〈垂老別〉〉，〈〈無家別〉〉。詩人利用高超的敘事手法，通過組詩的形式來描繪現(xiàn)實世界，揭露封建殘酷壓迫，同情人民的苦難，展現(xiàn)了詩人強烈的“愛國主義”和“人道主義”的現(xiàn)實主義精神，全組詩歌表現(xiàn)了高度的藝術(shù)性和思想性。