加熱爐的非線性PID控制算法研究

電子通信論文編號:TX071        論文字數(shù):14867,頁數(shù):26

目  錄 
1 緒論   1
1.1 控制理論的發(fā)展   1
1.2 PID控制[1,2,3,4]   1
1.3 工業(yè)電加熱爐溫度控制技術(shù)總體概述   3
1.4 本論文的主要內(nèi)容與工作   5
2 傳統(tǒng)PID的結(jié)構(gòu)及理論分析   6
2.1 傳統(tǒng)PID的結(jié)構(gòu)和特點  6
2.2 控制系統(tǒng)性能指標   7
2.2.1 典型輸入測試信號   7
2.2.2 動態(tài)控制指標   8
2.3 PID參數(shù)整定   10
2.3.1 湊試法   11
2.3.2臨界比例度法(Z-N法  11
2.3.3衰減曲線法   12
2.3.4 ISTE最優(yōu)設定方法   12
3 非線性PID的結(jié)構(gòu)和理論分析  14
3.1 非線性PID模型的建立   14
3.2 非線性PID的設計原理   15
3.2.1比例增益參數(shù)   16
3.2.2積分增益參數(shù)   17
3.2.3微分增益參數(shù)   17
4 仿真與實驗   19
4.1加熱爐研究   19
4.2 NCD工具箱簡介   19
4.3 具體仿真比較  20
結(jié)    論   21
參考文獻   22
致    謝   23

摘  要
PID控制器由于其自身結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，方便易行而獲得廣泛的應用。但是，經(jīng)典PID控制器采用“線性組合”形式產(chǎn)生的控制量，常引起快速性和超調(diào)量及準確性之間的矛盾，這就限制了經(jīng)典PID控制器的使用范圍。本文敘述了傳統(tǒng)PID模型的常見缺陷, 通過分析PID各環(huán)節(jié)在不同響應曲線時應有的變化趨勢, 以偏差e作為參數(shù)修正量, 生成了各環(huán)節(jié)的系數(shù). 建立了一種通用的非線性PID 控制器模型。它繼承了PID不依賴于對象模型的優(yōu)點，并且從根本上改進了經(jīng)典PID所固有的缺陷。基于這種非線性PID，結(jié)合加熱爐的特性，設計出了一種非線性PID控制器，并分別用普通PID、非線性PID對其控制，通過系統(tǒng)仿真比較發(fā)現(xiàn)，本文提出的非線性PID不僅具有高魯棒性和適應性特點，同時使調(diào)節(jié)時間更短，響應速度更快。

關鍵詞：PID；非線性PID；非線性函數(shù)；大滯后；溫度控制

Abstract
Classical PID controller has been widely used because of its single structure, convenient use, and so on. But PID controller has its limitation, where its linear combination brings the contradiction in speediness and overshoot, which limits PID controller's use. After discussing the defects of classical PID model and analyzing the variation tendency of each PID section in different responsive curves, the authors have created a coefficient model of each section by using the warp ′e′ as parameter correction, and established a universal nonlinear PID model. This model succeeds to the classical PID's advantage of the independence on models and improves on the classical PID's disadvantage. In this paper, considering the characteristic of the heating furnace, a kind of nonlinear PID controller has been put forward based on the nonlinear PID. Two kinds of manipulative methods are applied to heating furnace systems, they belong to classical PID ,nonlinear PID .From comparing with them，we can find that the nonlinear PID method which is presented by this paper, not only has the characteristic of high "robustness and adaptability" that nonlinear PID controller has，but also has higher corresponsive speed and shorter regulating time.

Key words: PID; Nonlinear PID; Nonlinear function; Large lag; Temperature control