焊縫射線圖像檢測技術(shù)研究

電子通信論文編號:TX212    附開題報(bào)告,任務(wù)書,外文翻譯,PPT,論文字?jǐn)?shù):24902,頁數(shù):53

目 錄
1  緒論 1
1.1  課題的研究背景 1
1.2  射線實(shí)時(shí)成像檢測技術(shù) 2
1.3  焊縫射線檢測圖像處理的研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.4   論文章節(jié)安排 5
2  X-射線數(shù)字成像技術(shù) 6
2.1  X-射線成像基礎(chǔ) 6
2.2   焊縫X-射線實(shí)時(shí)成像檢測系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 6
2.2.1  X-射線數(shù)字成像系統(tǒng) 6
2.2.2  射線圖像的放大 7
2.2.4  采集分辨率的計(jì)算 11
2.3  本章小結(jié) 11
3  焊縫圖像的降噪與增強(qiáng)處理 12
3.1  射線圖像的降質(zhì)因素 12
3.1.1  X射線焊縫圖像的特點(diǎn) 13
3.1.2  焊縫區(qū)域的獲取 14
3.2  焊縫檢測圖像去噪處理 14
3.2.1  多幀平均去噪 14
3.2.2  焊縫檢測圖像空間平滑濾波 15
3.2.3  頻域低通濾波 17
3.3  焊縫檢測圖像增強(qiáng)處理 18
3.3.1  灰度級線性拉伸 18
3.3.2  灰度級非線性拉伸 19
3.3.3  基于廣義模糊算子的圖像增強(qiáng) 20
3.4  本章小結(jié) 22
4  焊縫圖像缺陷的提取與分割 23
4.1  焊縫檢測圖像的粗判 23
4.2  焊縫圖像的減影處理 25
4.2.1  灰度曲線擬合及平滑濾波去除背景后的缺陷提取 25
4.2.2  基于數(shù)學(xué)形態(tài)學(xué)的背景模擬法 26
4.6  本章小結(jié) 29
5  焊縫缺陷分類及特征提取 30
5.1  焊縫內(nèi)常見缺陷分類和焊縫質(zhì)量分級 30
5.1.1  常見焊縫缺陷分類 30
5.1.2  焊縫質(zhì)量分級 30
5.2  缺陷的影像特征分析[60-61] 31
5.3  用于缺陷識(shí)別的特征選擇 34
5.3.1  特征選擇依據(jù)和判斷[62] 34
5.3.2基于專家知識(shí)的特征選擇 35
5.4  邊界跟蹤 39
5.5  各種參數(shù)的定量計(jì)算方法 40
5.6  焊縫缺陷識(shí)別 41
5.7  本章小結(jié) 44
6  結(jié)論 45
參考文獻(xiàn) 47
致  謝 51

摘  要
 本課題是針對某細(xì)長管道焊縫進(jìn)行焊縫缺陷檢測的，管道長5米，焊縫為直線縫。本項(xiàng)目的主要目的是建立一個(gè)焊縫缺陷自動(dòng)檢測系統(tǒng)，檢測焊縫中存在的缺陷并自動(dòng)評定缺陷的大小及位置，最后對焊縫進(jìn)行評定與評級。根據(jù)課題的研創(chuàng)要求，結(jié)合模糊數(shù)學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)形態(tài)學(xué)以及數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)，力求尋找一種快速有效的缺陷實(shí)時(shí)增強(qiáng)、缺陷提取和缺陷分割的方法，使其在提取效果和處理速度上都獲得令人滿意的效果，最后實(shí)現(xiàn)該產(chǎn)品焊縫的自動(dòng)檢測。
 掌握焊縫射線圖像的特點(diǎn)和相關(guān)降噪和增強(qiáng)技術(shù)理論及方法的基礎(chǔ)上，理解選題的應(yīng)用背景和技術(shù)背景，理解選題的意義，采用多種降噪和增強(qiáng)技術(shù)方法對焊縫射線圖像進(jìn)行處理，要求達(dá)到圖像信噪比高，清晰度高，并分析比較效果；完成相應(yīng)算法。
 
關(guān)鍵詞 ：焊縫，射線，圖像處理  
  
Weld-ray image detection technology research
Abstract
 This topic is aims at some tall and slender pipeline welded joint to carry on the welded joint flaw examination, manages the Daoist priest 5 meters, the welded joint for the straight line seam.This project main purpose establishes a welded joint flaw automatic detection system, examines flaw and automatic eva luation flaw size and position which in the welded joint exists, finally carries on the eva luation and the rating to the welded joint.Grinds according to the topic creates the request, the union fuzzy mathematics, mathematics morphology as well as the digital image processing technology, the endeavour seeks one kind of fast effective flaw real-time enhancement, the flaw extraction and the flaw division method, causes it all obtains the satisfying effect in the extraction effect and the processing speed, finally realizes this product welded joint automatic detection.
 The grasping welded joint beam image characteristic and the correlation noise reduction and the enhancement technology theory and in the method foundation, understood the selected topic the application background and the technical background, understood the selected topic the significance, uses many kinds of noise reduction and the enhancement technology method carries on processing to the welded joint beam image, requests to achieve the image signal-to-noise ratio is high, the clarity is high, and analyzes the comparison effect; Completes the corresponding algorithm 。
 
Key word：Welded joint，Beam，Imagery processing