基于數字圖像的直線檢測技術研究

論文編號:TX412  論文字數:14888,頁數:37

基于數字圖像的直線檢測技術研究
摘  要

 直線檢測是圖像處理中十分重要的內容之一，是圖像分割的基礎，在道路識別，建筑物識別，醫學圖像分析等領域都有十分重要的應用。在圖像處理領域，直線特征經常被用作高層處理，如立體匹配、目標跟蹤、物體識別等，所以直線檢測和分析對于數字圖像處理有著重要的意義。
 直線,特別是線段,有簡單的幾何特性,用它們描述目標的邊緣特征可以方便對規則的物體進行分類,進而可以提高后續圖像處理的效率。盡管有相當多的研究者投入了大量的精力在直線檢測方面做了很多工作，也研究出了不少算法，如鏈碼檢測，DOG函數，最小二乘法，radon變換等，但是目前直線檢測最成熟、應用最廣泛的算法仍然是Hough變換。Hough變換是Paul Hough在1962年提出的,此后很多人對經典Hough變換算法進行了改進,使得Hough變換的得到了更好的運用。而利用Hough變換魯棒性好，提取穩定，精度高，抗噪性強等優點來檢測圖像的直線特征,不但可以識別簡單背景中的規則幾何圖形,還可以檢測復雜背景中真實目標的直線特征。所以本課題就采用Hough變換對圖像進行直線檢測。
關鍵詞：Hough變換 直線檢測 圖像處理 
 
 
Research based on digital image of line detection technology
ABSTRACT

  Line detection is the basis of the image segmentation, and also is one of the most important parts of image processing. It has many important applications on road identification, building recognition, medical image analysis. In the image processing field,line features are often used as a high-level processing,such as stereo matching, target tracking, object recognition. So the line detection and analysis for digital image processing have an important significance.   Straight line, especially segment, has simple geometric properties. Using them to describe the edge characteristics of target can be easy to classify regular objects,and improve the efficiency of subsequent image processing. While a number of researchers were devoted to work in the study of line detection,and also developed a number of algorithms, such as chain code detection,DOG function, least squares method, radon transform and so on, but the most mature and most widely used method is still the Hough transform at present. Hough transform was proposed by Paul Hough in 1962, after that, classical Hough transform had been improved by many people.It maks the Hough transform get a better use. Hough transform has many advantages that the robustness is good, the extraction is stable, the precision is high, the anti-chirp nature is strong. Therefore,it not only can recognize simple regular geometric graph in the background, but also can detect the real target of straight line features in complex background. So this article does the line detection for the image with the Hough transform.
Key words：Hough transform  line detection  Image processing

目  錄

摘  要 I
ABSTRACT II
1  緒論 1
1.1 課題的背景 1
1.2 數字圖像處理概述 1
1.3 數字圖像處理的應用領域 2
1.4 圖像檢測技術發展歷史及現狀 3
1.5 Hough變換簡介 4
1.6 課題的研究內容 4
2  Hough變換 5
2.1 Hough變換原理 5
2.2 Hough變換實現方法 5
2.3 Hough變換的推導 6
2.4 Hough變換研究現狀 10
2.5 Hough變換研究存在的問題和解決方法 10
2.6 用Hough變換進行直線檢測 12
2.6.1 圖像讀取 12
2.6.2 圖像灰度與二值化處理 12
2.6.3 邊緣檢測 12
2.6.4 Hough變換直線檢測 14
2.6.5 實驗流程圖 15
2.6.6 實驗中存在的問題 15
3  實驗工具介紹 17
3.1 MATLAB工具介紹 17
3.1.1 MATLAB特點 17
3.1.2 MATLAB的優勢 17
3.2 MATLAB函數介紹 18
4  實驗結果分析 19
4.1 結果分析一 19
4.2 結果分析二 23
參考文獻 27
論文研究成果 29
附  錄 30
謝  辭 33