電機車智能防撞系統

論文編號:JD1160  論文字數:17324,頁數:40  附部分電路仿真

摘  要

 隨著科學技術的發展，機車水平及運行速度的提高，對機車可靠性、安全性及高效性提出了更高的要求，同時機車的安全問題受到人們的重視。目前，我國對電機車的安全性研究主要是針對于高速機車的主動安全防護及機車車體的被動防護。工廠所使用的電機車防撞系統需要從國外引進，成本高，普遍推廣困難。本課題就是針對工廠需求實際，通過對國外同類產品進行研究，并從機車使用中遇到的實際情況入手，研究開發了電機車智能防撞系統。
 電機車智能防撞系統主要由智能防撞設備和LCD顯示設備兩部分組成。本文主要完成了智能防撞系統的硬件搭建和軟件開發工作。該系統以單片機AT89C52為核心控制部件，通過讀取激光測距傳感器和編碼器中的距離和速度數據，經分析判斷，實現報警停車的功能。電機車智能防撞系統具有自動檢測并跟蹤顯示同軌運行的兩輛電機車的距離的功能，當達到設置的報警距離時發出光報警，當達到設置的安全極限距離時強制停車。系統硬件采用獨立電源、光電隔離、屏蔽外殼等措施加強系統的抗干擾性能，使系統能夠在惡劣的條件下正常運行。系統軟件所有任務都在“看門狗”程序監視下完成。這種軟件組織結構使系統更加可靠，可預測。
 系統整體設計合理，基本上實現了預期的目標。本系統精確度較高、應用范圍廣，具有很好的市場前景。

關鍵詞：電機車；單片機；防撞

ABSTRACT
 With the fast development of science and technology, better performance and higher operational speed of electrical locomotives have required much more than before on reliability，safety and efficiency. At present, studies on the safety operation of electrical locomotives in China focus on the active safe guard of high-speed locomotive and the passive safe guard of their bodywork. On the other hand, the crashworthy system of those locomotives being used in Chinese factories have to be imported from abroad with high cost and difficulty in wide promotion. According to the actual needs and present situation in Chinese factories, based on studies of the same type of foreign products, the thesis, therefore, provides us with some studies and development of the intelligent crashworthy system of electrical locomotive.
 The intelligent crashworthy system of electrical locomotive is consisted of two parts: intelligent crashworthy equipment and wireless sound communication equipment. This thesis presents the readers both the hardware construction and the software development of this system. The core control unit of the intelligent crashworthy system is the singlechip AT89C52, which is used to read distance and speed data from the laser telemeter sensor as well as the photoelectric coder before giving us an alarm of stopping the locomotive by the analysis and comparison of the afore-mentioned received data. Furthermore, this crashworthy system is able to synchronously show the distance between two locomotives running on the same track. Once reaching the set alarming distance, the sound alarm rings; once reaching the set safe maximum distance, the locomotive is forced to shut down. while the software contains a time-triggered embedded system, ensuring the reliable and predicable performance of the whole system.
 Which meets our prospective goal on the whole. This intelligent crashworthy system of electrical locomotive, high-precise, low price with wide application, is expected to be favorably marketable.
Key Words: Electrical Locomotive; Singlechip; Crashworthy

目    錄

摘要----------------------------------------------------Ⅰ
Abstract----------------------------------------------Ⅱ
第一章  緒論 ---------------------------------------------1
 1.1國內外研究狀況及發展趨勢-----------------------------1
 1.2主要研究內容-----------------------------------------2
第二章  系統總體方案設計 -------------------------------3
 2.1電機車智能防撞系統的工作原理----------------------3
 2.2 電機車智能防撞系統的總體方案-----------------------3
 2.3系統各組成部分介紹----------------------------------4
第三章  電機車防撞儀的硬件電路設計-----------------5
 3.1系統硬件總體設計結構----------------------------------5
     3.1.1硬件設計原則---------------------------------------5
     3.1.2總體結構設計---------------------------------------6
 3.2單片機的選擇----------------------------------------6
 3.3測距傳感器的選擇-------------------------------------8
 3.3.1測距傳感器的比較-------------------------------8
 3.3.2 DLS-A30激光測距傳感器的特點及應用--------------10
 3.4速度傳感器的選擇-----------------------------------11
     3.4.1旋轉編碼器的分類-------------------------------11
     3.4.2旋轉編碼器的選擇-------------------------------12
 3.5 通信接口的設計-------------------------------------13
 3.5.1串行通信總線接口標準RS-2320的選用------------13
 3.5.2 MAX232電路設計------------------------------15
 3.6四倍頻電路設計----------------------------------16
     3.6.1 QA740210簡介--------------------------------17
     3.6.2  QA740210 四倍頻電路連接------------------------18
 3.7差分轉換電路設計-----------------------------------18
     3.7.1 DS8820雙差分線驅動器簡介----------------------18
     3.7.2雙差分驅動電路連接------------------------19
 3.8 LED工作指示電路設計---------------------------------19
 3.9液晶顯示設計---------------------------------------20
第四章  電機車防撞儀系統軟件程序設計-----------------22
 4.1軟件設計概述---------------------------------------22
 4.2編程語言的選用---------------------------------------23
 4.3程序框圖設計---------------------------------------23
第五章  系統的可靠性及抗干擾設計--------------------25
 5.1系統可靠性概述 ------------------------------------25
 5.2系統硬件的抗干擾設計 ------------------------------26
 5.3系統軟件的抗干擾設計-------------------------------27
結論 ----------------------------------------------------29
參考文獻-------------------------------------------------30
致謝-----------------------------------------------------32
附錄-------------------------------------------------------33