空調自動控制其設計

電氣工程論文編號:DQ078   論文字數:14921,頁數:37

目 錄
摘要……………………………………………………………………………. . .……………..II
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………...III
1 前言……………………………………………………………………………………………1
    1.1   研究的背景和意義………………………………………………………………. . ..1
    1.2   目前主要技術現狀………………………………………………………………. . ..1
    1.3   本課題的主要任務………………………………………………………………. . ..2
2 總體設計方案……………………………………………………………………………. . .3
 2.1  遙控器設計的簡單介紹 ……………………………………………………………..3
 2.2  遙控器總體方案設計………………………………………….... …………………...3
3 具體方案設計 ……………………………………………………………………………...4
 3.1   空調遙控器的硬件設計……………………………………………………………..4
     3.1.1   CPU AT89S51及其外圍電路設計 4
     3.1.2   鍵盤的硬件設計 …………………………………………………………….12     
  3.1.3   溫度檢測電路的設計………………………………………………………...13
        3.1.4   濕度檢測電路的設計………………………………………………………...15
        3.1.5   紅外發射電路設計.…………………………………………………………..16
        3.1.6   LED顯示方案設計 18
        3.1.7   日歷芯片選擇方案.…………………………………………………………..19
 3.2   空調遙控器的軟件設計……………………………………………………………..21
        3.2.1   鍵盤的軟件設計.…………………………………………………………….21
        3.2.2   DS1302芯片設置的軟件設計…… ………………………………………….23
        3.2.3   溫度檢測的軟件設計..……………………………………………………….26
        3.2.4   溫度設置的軟件設計程序……………………………………………………27
        3.2.5   LED顯示軟件設計……………………………………………………………29
4 總結…………………………………………………………………………………………...31
致謝……………………………………………………………………………………………...32
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………..33

摘  要
 近年來，隨著經濟的迅猛發展和科學技術的突飛猛進，人們的生活水平得到了極大的提高。空調、電視機、電冰箱、洗衣機、微波爐等作為普通的家用電器早已鋪天蓋地的進入了尋常百姓家。這些家電隨著技術的進步，其質量和性能的提高從沒有停止過。然而，人們對家電的要求并不僅限于此，簡單方便易操作是人們追求的一個目標。因此，這些家電在銷售時通常會附帶有相應的遙控器，如空調遙控器、電視遙控器等等。本設計就是為了現代人們對家電更高要求的滿足而設計的空調自動控制遙控器。
 目前的遙控器普遍采用的是紅外技術。該技術使用850nm的紅外光傳輸語音及數據，能夠實現點對點的簡單的數據傳送和文件同步。然而，紅外技術也有著其固有的缺點。例如，它要求設備之間必須具有無障礙的直線信道，而且通信范圍小，穿透能力差、支持的設備數目少等，因此紅外遙控器并不是十分理想。
 聲控遙控器的缺陷則更明顯，它通常所需接受的聲音一般都比較尖銳，從而容易誤操作，因此也不理想。
 藍牙技術是另一種可選的方案，它具有功耗低、操作過程簡單、通信距離遠、支持設備數目多、不需要直視信道等優點。但藍牙技術的缺點也很明顯。首先，藍牙技術復雜度高，因此藍牙硬件設計、軟件及其協議編程不但復雜而且昂貴;其次，藍牙芯片價格較高。
 但是為了節省成本又不影響設計結果，因此在本設計中的遙控器采用的是仍是紅外技術。它具有結構簡單、系統的技術復雜度小、成本低、方向性好、信息安全性高、可用頻率資源多等優點。
 本設計包括硬件和軟件設計兩個部分。硬件部分包括紅外發射模塊的設計，CPU 89S51模塊及其外圍電路的設計，LED顯示、鍵盤、人機交互模塊的設計，溫、濕度傳感器模塊的設計。軟件部分主要包括溫、濕度的檢測與設定，開、關機時間的設定。
 
關鍵詞：單片機,溫、濕度傳感器,紅外發射

Abstract
In  recent  years, with  rapid  economic  development  and  scientific and technological advances, people's standard of living has been greatly improved. Air-conditioning, TV, refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens and other common household appliances as overwhelming already entered the home of ordinary people. These appliances with technological advances, the quality and performance improvement has not stopped. However, the requirements of the appliances are not limited to, simple easy-to-use is a goal pursued. Therefore, when in the sales of these appliances are usually attached to a corresponding remote control, such as air-conditioning remote control, TV remote control and so on. The design is to modern people's higher home appliances are designed to meet the requirements of automatic remote control air-conditioning.
At present, the remote control is commonly used infrared technology. The use of the technology 850nm infrared light transmission of voice and data, to achieve the simple point-to-point data transfer and file synchronization. However, the infrared technology also has its inherent shortcomings. For example, it requires equipment must be accessible between the straight-line channel, and the communication range of small, poor penetration, the number of small devices such as infrared remote control is therefore not very satisfactory.
Voice-activated remote control is even more obvious shortcomings, it is usually the voice of the general requirements for acceptance are more acute, thus easy to mistake, it is not ideal.
Bluetooth technology is another alternative approach, which has low power consumption, simple operation, communication distance, the number of support equipment, and do not have the advantages of open channel. However, the shortcomings of Bluetooth technology is obvious. First of all, the high complexity of Bluetooth technology, the Bluetooth hardware design, software programming and its agreement not only complex and expensive; Secondly, the higher the price of Bluetooth chips.
However, in order to reduce costs without affecting the design, so in the design of the remote control is still used infrared technology. It has a simple structure, the technical complexity of the system of small, low cost, good orientation and information safe and available frequency resources, etc..
The design includes hardware and software design in two parts. Hardware, including the design of infrared transmitter module, CPU 89S51 module and its peripheral circuit design, LED display, keyboard, Human-Computer Interaction module design, temperature and humidity sensor module design. Some of the major software, including temperature and humidity testing and configuration, the shutdown time set. 

Key words: microcontroller, temperature and humidity sensors, infrared emission