基于光電編碼器的轉角測量系統的研制

電氣工程論文編號:DQ130   論文字數:12498,頁數:38

目 錄
摘要 I
1緒論 1
 1.1 課題的來源 1
 1.2 研究的目的和意義 1
 1.3 國內外研究現狀 2
 1.4本論文研究的主要內容 4
2基于光電編碼器的轉角測量系統的總設計方案 6
 2.1光電編碼器測角原理: 6
 2.2 系統的結構組成 7
 2.3 硬件系統的設計 8
 2.3.1 單片機與光電編碼器連線電路以及上電復位電路 8
 2.3.2 晶振時鐘電路 8
 2.3.3 12864液晶屏接線電路 9
3系統的軟件設計 10
 3.1 信號的計數、辨向和倍頻 10
 3.1.1信號的計數 10
 3.1.2信號的辨向 11
 3.1.3 信號的細分 12
 3.2 主要程序流程圖 12
 3.3 部分子程序功能簡介 13
 3.3.1  89C51單片機計數程序 13
 3.3.2  12864液晶屏顯示程序 15
4誤差分析 18
5總結 19
致謝 20
參考文獻 21
附錄1 系統電路總圖 22
附錄2 系統總程序 23

摘   要
 光電編碼器廣泛用于各種高精度速度、位移測量場合。采用光電轉換技術可將機械軸的角位置信息轉化成相應的數字代碼輸出，因而可實現對角度、速度、直線位移和其他機械物理量的測量。隨著光刻技術的飛速發展以及大批量生產的開始,光電編碼器的精度以及其他技術指標也獲得大幅度的提高。
 本文介紹了光電編碼器的特點和它在在線檢測系統中起到的作用，闡述了光電編碼器測角原理, 分析了光電編碼器測角系統的總體設計思路，論述了其功能和結構，并根據系統的技術指標完成了硬件配置,給出了光電編碼器測角的硬件電路圖和單片機軟件相關程序，并在此基礎上進一步實現了信號的細分倍頻,同時還分析了誤差的來源，給出了如何提高測量的分辨率和準確度的方法。
 本系統使用光電編碼器，實現了它在彎管彎角測量系統上的功能,完成了對旋轉角度和方向的精確判斷和測量 。

關鍵詞： 光電編碼器、轉角測量、在線檢測、信號細分和倍頻、89C51單片機

Abstract
 Photoelectric encoder is a high-precision measurement of circular grating components .It is being used in many places such as digital angle measurement sensors. The products can realize the measurement of angle, speed, linear displacement and other mechanical physical quantities. It has the advantages of high precision, low power consumption, no mechanical wear, stable and reliable. In recent years, with the development of computer technology, optical communication and optoelectronic devices, the level of optical encoder development has been improved and new products are emerging.
 This paper introduces the working principle of electro-optic encoder and the mode of its output signal and its application in automatic production line. It discusses the kind and feature of optical rotary encoder. It expatiates the rationale of incremental encoder and the output signal wave of incremental encoder. It also expatiates the configurable framework of incremental encoder in angle measure and interface electrocircuit of single chip. It achieves frequency multiplication. It gives the circuit of  measuring angle by using optical encoder and the procedures about singlechip software. It analyses the source of deviation and gives some ways of eliminating deviations as well as the methods of  improving the accuracy.
 This system uses photoelectric encoder . It achieve the functional of measuring pipe bends. It can  accurately  judge  the  rotation  direction and  measure  the  rotation  angle.

Key words：photoelectric  encoder ,  angle measurement,  online detection ,signal subdivision  and  frequency  multiplication ，89c51Singlechip