基于LabVIEW的直流電機控制系統設計

測控論文編號:CK078   論文字數:15841,頁數:37 
目 錄
摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………. I
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………. II
1 緒論…………………………………………………………………………………………..1
   1.1 研究的背景與意義 ……………………………………………………………………1
   1.2 研究的主要內容 ………………………………………………………………………2
2 虛擬儀器技術………………………………………………………………………………3
2.1 虛擬儀器概述 …………………………………………………………………………3
2.2 虛擬儀器的組成 ….…….…………………………………………………………….3
 2.2.1 虛擬儀器的硬件平臺……….………………………………………………… 3
 2.2.2 虛擬儀器的軟件系統…….….…………………………………………………4
   2.3 虛擬儀器的發展現狀……………………………………………………………. . .….5
3  LabVIEW軟件開發平臺…………………………………………………………...…6
 3.1  Labview軟件概述……………………………………………………………………6
 3.2  Labview軟件的特點…………………………………………………………………6
    3.3  Labview應用程序的構成……………………………………………………………7
  3.3.1  前面板 ………………………………………………………………………..7
  3.3.2  流程圖…………………………………………………………………………7
  3.3.3  圖標/連接器……………………………………………………………………8
 3.4  Labview的操作模板 …………………………………………………………………8
     3.4.1 工具模板 …………………… ………………………… ………………………8
     3.4.2 控制模塊 ……………………………………………… ………………………9
     3.4.3 功能模塊 ………………………………………………………………………10
 3.5  Labview設計虛擬儀器的方法………………………………………………………10
4  系統硬件電路設計…………………………………………………………………….. 12
 4.1  系統硬件總體結構 …………………………………………………………………12
 4.2  串口通信電路 ………………………………………………………………………12
4.3  單片機電路 …………………………………………………………………………14
 4.4  直流電機驅動電路…………………………………………………………………16
    4.5  系統電源設計………………………………………………………………………19
5  系統軟件程序設計………………………………………………………………. . .…20
 5.1  串口通信程序 ……………………………………………………………………20
 5.1.1  串口通信協議 ……………………………………………………………20
  5.1.2  單片機程序 ………………………………………………………………21
 5.2  LabVIEW控制程序…………………………………………………………………22
 5.2.1  前面板輸入控制信號……………………………………………………..22
 5.2.2  LabVIEW的框圖程序設計 ……………………………………………….22
6  系統的調試及功能實現……………………………………………………………...26
 6.1  硬件電路檢查 …………………………………………………………………… 26
 6.2  LabVIEW控制調試……………………………………………………………… 27
7  總結 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 29
致謝…………………………………………………………………………………………...30
 附錄Ⅰ 系統總原理圖
 附錄Ⅱ  實物圖

摘  要
 隨著現代電子測量和儀器技術的飛速發展，虛擬儀器技術作為儀器技術和計算機技術完美結合的產物，被越來越廣泛的應用在控制和檢測方面。本次設計主要是通過虛擬儀器編程語言LabVIEW作為軟件平臺，實現一個基于虛擬儀器的直流電機控制系統，包括硬件設計和軟件編程。整個系統分為上位機和下位機兩部分，上位機LabVIEW程序通過計算機串口發送控制信號；STC89C52RC單片機接收上位機信號后，控制電機的啟動、停止、正轉、反轉等動作。硬件電路主要包括串口通訊電路和直流電機控制電路。串口電路主要通過MAX232芯片和單片機STC9C52RC芯片連接實現。電機控制電路主要通過單片機連接電機驅動電路實現。系統的軟件設計包括LabVIEW編程和單片機編程兩部分。設計中首先采用了asm51匯編語言編寫單片機源程序，檢驗硬件電路。然后運用C51高級語言編寫串口通訊程序，實現PC機與單片機的通信。最后，用到LabVIEW里的VISA函數編寫電機控制程序。虛擬儀器LabVIEW在本次設計中體現出它界面直觀，分析多樣，處理快速等優勢。它不僅可以成為有關電機研究方面的基本工具，而且會在電力、自動控制等系統中有特殊的用處。

 關鍵詞：  LabVIEW，單片機，串口通信， 直流電機

Abstract
    With the rapid development of modern electrical testing and instrumental technology,The technology of virtual instruments is widely used in control and inspectionl. It is a perfect product of Instrument and Computer technology. This design mainly achieve a DC motor control system based on virtual instruments，including the hardware design and the software programming. As a software platform., the programming language LabVIEW of the virtual instrument is the main software of this design. The entire system consists of two parts are the upper and lower machines.The LabVIEW program of the upper machine sends the control signals through the computer serial port.After the STC89C52RC microcontroller receiving the signals of the host computer, this system control the DC motor start-up , stopping, positive rotation, reverse rotation, and other actions. The hardware circuit is composed by the serial communication circuit and the DC motor control circuit. The serial communication circuit is achieved by MAX232 chip connecting with the microcomputer  STC89C52RC chip. The motor control circuit is achieved by the SCM connecting with the Motor driving circuit The design of the system software includes two parts ,the LabVIEW programming and the microcontroller programming. At first, the asm51 assembly language is adopted in the SCM source programming for detecting the hardware circuit. Then , the C51 advanced language is used to writing the serial communication program for achieving the communication between the PC and the MCU. Finally, using the VISA function of the LabVIEW programming to control the DC motor.In this design, the Virtual Instruments LabVIEW reflects some advantages,such as interface intuitive, a variety of analysis,fast processing. It not only can become the basic tool of researching about motor, but also has special premises in electricity and automation system.
  Keywords：LabVIEW，Microcontroller，serial communication，DC motors