炭石墨復合材料的制備及性能研究

材料科學論文編號:CL016  論文字數:12370,頁數:30

炭/石墨復合材料的制備及性能研究 

目 錄

1 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 課題研究方向與發展 2
1.2.1 石油焦的煅燒 2
1.2.2 粘結劑 2
1.2.3 致密度的提高 4
1.3 國內外研究狀況 6
1.4 課題研究內容、目的及意義 6
2 實驗 9
2.1主要原料及設備 9
2.1.1 熟石油焦 9
2.1.2 鱗片石墨 9
2.1.3 酚醛樹脂 9
2.1.4 其他原料 10
2.1.5 主要儀器及設備 10
2.2 制備流程 11
2.2.1工藝流程圖 11
2.2.2 粉料制備 11
2.2.3 樣品成型 11
2.2.4 固化 11
2.2.5 焙燒 12
2.3 樣品物理性能測試 12
2.3.1 體積密度 13
2.3.2 抗折強度 13
2.3.3 抗壓強度 13
2.3.4 電導率 14
2.3.5 差熱分析 14
2.3.6 電鏡掃描 14
3 實驗結果及討論 15
3.1 不同原料樣品的性能 15
3.1.1 密度 15
3.1.2 抗壓強度 16
3.1.3 電導率 17
3.2 磷酸和碳化硅系列不同濃度改性劑樣品的性能 17
3.3 碳化硅占樹脂4.5%樣品的差熱-熱重分析 20
3.4 電鏡分析 20
4 結論 22
致謝 23
參考文獻 24

摘    要
    炭/石墨復合材料是一種高性能結構、功能復合材料，具有高強度、高模量、高導熱、隔熱優異等優異特性，在機械、電子、化工、冶金和核能等領域中得到廣泛應用，并且在航天、航空和國防領域中的關鍵部件上大量應用。但由于炭材料在450℃的氧化氣氛中就開始發生氧化，輕度氧化時材料的密度降低，強度下降，嚴重氧化時材料會出現分層，甚至變力絮狀，完全喪失材料的機械性能。
 本設計以制備物化性能和機械性能良好的炭/石墨復合材料為目的，對炭/石墨復合材料的原料，粘結劑的改性劑及其性能作了系統研究。分別采用改變原料配比和改變粘結劑種類及用量的方法制得機械強度高體積密度大的炭/石墨復合材料。通過對比，發現用熟石油焦制備的材料其致密度、機械強度及電導率比用生石油焦的都要好。用磷酸，碳化硅改性酚醛樹脂后，其性能比沒改性的要強。

關鍵詞：炭/石墨復合材料；熟石油焦；改性劑；制備；性能

Abstract
Carbon / graphite composite material is a high performance structure, functional composite materials with high strength, high modulus, high thermal conductivity, excellent insulation and other outstanding features. Carbon / graphite composite material is widely used in machinery, electronics, chemicals, metallurgy and other fields of nuclear energy and in the aerospace, aviation and defense in the field of critical components on a large number of applications. However, the carbon materials start to oxidize in the atmosphere 450 ℃, In the mild oxidation, materials, density and strength are decreased. When Severe oxidation, material stratification occurs, complete lose mechanical properties. The design prepared by physical and chemical properties and good mechanical properties of carbon / graphite composite materials for the purpose of carbon / graphite composite materials, adhesive agents and their properties were modified system. Change the ratio of raw materials were used and the type and amount of change in method of binder obtained bulk density and mechanical strength of carbon / graphite composites. By contrast the use of familiar materials, petroleum coke prepared its density, mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of petroleum coke used to be good students. With phosphoric acid, silicon carbide modified phenolic resin, its performance is stronger.

Keywords: Carbon / graphite composites; mature petroleum coke; modifier; preparation; performance